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---
layout: global
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title: SQL Reference
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redirect_from: /sql-reference
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displayTitle: SQL Reference
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Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
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The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
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Spark SQL is Apache Spark's module for working with structured data. This guide is a reference for Structured Query Language (SQL) and includes syntax, semantics, keywords, and examples for common SQL usage. It contains information for the following topics:
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* [ANSI Compliance ](sql-ref-ansi-compliance.html )
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* [Data Types ](sql-ref-datatypes.html )
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* [Datetime Pattern ](sql-ref-datetime-pattern.html )
* [Functions ](sql-ref-functions.html )
* [Built-in Functions ](sql-ref-functions-builtin.html )
* [Scalar User-Defined Functions (UDFs) ](sql-ref-functions-udf-scalar.html )
* [User-Defined Aggregate Functions (UDAFs) ](sql-ref-functions-udf-aggregate.html )
* [Integration with Hive UDFs/UDAFs/UDTFs ](sql-ref-functions-udf-hive.html )
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* [Identifiers ](sql-ref-identifier.html )
* [Literals ](sql-ref-literals.html )
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* [Null Semantics ](sql-ref-null-semantics.html )
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* [SQL Syntax ](sql-ref-syntax.html )
* [DDL Statements ](sql-ref-syntax-ddl.html )
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* [DML Statements ](sql-ref-syntax-dml.html )
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* [Data Retrieval Statements ](sql-ref-syntax-qry.html )
* [Auxiliary Statements ](sql-ref-syntax-aux.html )