2020-01-27 09:37:42 -05:00
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---
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layout: global
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title: SORT BY Clause
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displayTitle: SORT BY Clause
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license: |
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Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
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contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
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this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
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The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
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(the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
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the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
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http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
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See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
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limitations under the License.
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---
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The <code>SORT BY</code> clause is used to return the result rows sorted
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within each partition in the user specified order. When there is more than one partition
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<code>SORT BY</code> may return result that is partially ordered. This is different
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2020-01-29 09:41:40 -05:00
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than [ORDER BY](sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-orderby.html) clause which guarantees a
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total order of the output.
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2020-01-27 09:37:42 -05:00
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### Syntax
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{% highlight sql %}
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SORT BY { expression [ sort_direction | nulls_sort_order ] [ , ... ] }
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{% endhighlight %}
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### Parameters
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<dl>
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<dt><code><em>SORT BY</em></code></dt>
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<dd>
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Specifies a comma-separated list of expressions along with optional parameters <code>sort_direction</code>
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and <code>nulls_sort_order</code> which are used to sort the rows within each partition.
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</dd>
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<dt><code><em>sort_direction</em></code></dt>
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<dd>
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Optionally specifies whether to sort the rows in ascending or descending
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order. The valid values for the sort direction are <code>ASC</code> for ascending
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and <code>DESC</code> for descending. If sort direction is not explicitly specified, then by default
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rows are sorted ascending. <br><br>
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<b>Syntax:</b>
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<code>
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[ ASC | DESC ]
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</code>
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</dd>
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<dt><code><em>nulls_sort_order</em></code></dt>
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<dd>
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Optionally specifies whether NULL values are returned before/after non-NULL values, based on the
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sort direction. In Spark, NULL values are considered to be lower than any non-NULL values by default.
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Therefore the ordering of NULL values depend on the sort direction. If <code>null_sort_order</code> is
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not specified, then NULLs sort first if sort order is <code>ASC</code> and NULLS sort last if
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sort order is <code>DESC</code>.<br><br>
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<ol>
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<li> If <code>NULLS FIRST</code> (the default) is specified, then NULL values are returned first
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regardless of the sort order.</li>
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<li>If <code>NULLS LAST</code> is specified, then NULL values are returned last regardless of
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the sort order. </li>
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</ol><br>
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<b>Syntax:</b>
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<code>
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[ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ]
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</code>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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### Examples
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{% highlight sql %}
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CREATE TABLE person (zip_code INT, name STRING, age INT);
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INSERT INTO person VALUES
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(94588, 'Zen Hui', 50),
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(94588, 'Dan Li', 18),
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(94588, 'Anil K', 27),
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(94588, 'John V', NULL),
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(94511, 'David K', 42),
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(94511, 'Aryan B.', 18),
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(94511, 'Lalit B.', NULL);
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-- Use `REPARTITION` hint to partition the data by `zip_code` to
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-- examine the `SORT BY` behavior. This is used in rest of the
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-- examples.
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-- Sort rows by `name` within each partition in ascending manner
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SELECT /*+ REPARTITION(zip_code) */ name, age, zip_code FROM person SORT BY name;
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+--------+----+--------+
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|name |age |zip_code|
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+--------+----+--------+
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|Anil K |27 |94588 |
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|Dan Li |18 |94588 |
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|John V |null|94588 |
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|Zen Hui |50 |94588 |
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|Aryan B.|18 |94511 |
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|David K |42 |94511 |
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|Lalit B.|null|94511 |
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+--------+----+--------+
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-- Sort rows within each partition using column position.
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SELECT /*+ REPARTITION(zip_code) */ name, age, zip_code FROM person SORT BY 1;
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+--------+----+--------+
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|name |age |zip_code|
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+--------+----+--------+
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|Anil K |27 |94588 |
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|Dan Li |18 |94588 |
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|John V |null|94588 |
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|Zen Hui |50 |94588 |
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|Aryan B.|18 |94511 |
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|David K |42 |94511 |
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|Lalit B.|null|94511 |
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+--------+----+--------+
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-- Sort rows within partition in ascending manner keeping null values to be last.
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SELECT /*+ REPARTITION(zip_code) */ age, name, zip_code FROM person SORT BY age NULLS LAST;
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+----+--------+--------+
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|age |name |zip_code|
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+----+--------+--------+
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|18 |Dan Li |94588 |
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|27 |Anil K |94588 |
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|50 |Zen Hui |94588 |
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|null|John V |94588 |
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|18 |Aryan B.|94511 |
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|42 |David K |94511 |
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|null|Lalit B.|94511 |
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+----+--------+--------+
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-- Sort rows by age within each partition in descending manner.
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SELECT /*+ REPARTITION(zip_code) */ age, name, zip_code FROM person SORT BY age DESC;
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+----+--------+--------+
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|age |name |zip_code|
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+----+--------+--------+
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|50 |Zen Hui |94588 |
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|27 |Anil K |94588 |
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|18 |Dan Li |94588 |
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|null|John V |94588 |
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|42 |David K |94511 |
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|18 |Aryan B.|94511 |
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|null|Lalit B.|94511 |
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+----+--------+--------+
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-- Sort rows by age within each partition in ascending manner keeping null values to be first.
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SELECT /*+ REPARTITION(zip_code) */ age, name, zip_code FROM person SORT BY age DESC NULLS FIRST;
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+----+--------+--------+
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|age |name |zip_code|
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+----+--------+--------+
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|null|John V |94588 |
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|50 |Zen Hui |94588 |
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|27 |Anil K |94588 |
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|18 |Dan Li |94588 |
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|null|Lalit B.|94511 |
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|42 |David K |94511 |
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|18 |Aryan B.|94511 |
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+----+--------+--------+
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-- Sort rows within each partition based on more than one column with each column having
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-- different sort direction.
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SELECT /*+ REPARTITION(zip_code) */ name, age, zip_code FROM person
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SORT BY name ASC, age DESC;
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+--------+----+--------+
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|name |age |zip_code|
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+--------+----+--------+
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|Anil K |27 |94588 |
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|Dan Li |18 |94588 |
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|John V |null|94588 |
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|Zen Hui |50 |94588 |
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|Aryan B.|18 |94511 |
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|David K |42 |94511 |
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|Lalit B.|null|94511 |
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+--------+----+--------+
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{% endhighlight %}
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### Related Clauses
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- [SELECT Main](sql-ref-syntax-qry-select.html)
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- [WHERE Clause](sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-where.html)
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- [GROUP BY Clause](sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-groupby.html)
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- [HAVING Clause](sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-having.html)
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- [ORDER BY Clause](sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-orderby.html)
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- [CLUSTER BY Clause](sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-clusterby.html)
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- [DISTRIBUTE BY Clause](sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-distribute-by.html)
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2020-02-16 10:55:03 -05:00
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- [LIMIT Clause](sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-limit.html)
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