diff --git a/sql/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/datasources/parquet/ParquetWriteSupport.scala b/sql/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/datasources/parquet/ParquetWriteSupport.scala
index cd0e639386..20f69e8b1c 100644
--- a/sql/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/datasources/parquet/ParquetWriteSupport.scala
+++ b/sql/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/datasources/parquet/ParquetWriteSupport.scala
@@ -482,7 +482,7 @@ object ParquetWriteSupport {
   val SPARK_ROW_SCHEMA: String = "org.apache.spark.sql.parquet.row.attributes"
 
   def setSchema(schema: StructType, configuration: Configuration): Unit = {
-    schema.map(_.name).foreach(ParquetSchemaConverter.checkFieldName)
+    ParquetSchemaConverter.checkFieldNames(schema)
     configuration.set(SPARK_ROW_SCHEMA, schema.json)
     configuration.setIfUnset(
       ParquetOutputFormat.WRITER_VERSION,
diff --git a/sql/hive/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/hive/execution/HiveDDLSuite.scala b/sql/hive/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/hive/execution/HiveDDLSuite.scala
index 33e83878ce..7f42b3c0f5 100644
--- a/sql/hive/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/hive/execution/HiveDDLSuite.scala
+++ b/sql/hive/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/hive/execution/HiveDDLSuite.scala
@@ -2960,6 +2960,24 @@ class HiveDDLSuite
     }
   }
 
+  test("SPARK-36312: ParquetWriteSupport should check inner field") {
+    withView("v") {
+      spark.range(1).createTempView("v")
+      withTempPath { path =>
+        val e = intercept[AnalysisException] {
+          spark.sql(
+            """
+              |SELECT
+              |NAMED_STRUCT('ID', ID, 'IF(ID=1,ID,0)', IF(ID=1,ID,0), 'B', ABS(ID)) AS col1
+              |FROM v
+              |""".stripMargin).write.mode(SaveMode.Overwrite).parquet(path.toString)
+        }.getMessage
+        assert(e.contains("Column name \"IF(ID=1,ID,0)\" contains" +
+          " invalid character(s). Please use alias to rename it."))
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   test("SPARK-34261: Avoid side effect if create exists temporary function") {
     withUserDefinedFunction("f1" -> true) {
       sql("CREATE TEMPORARY FUNCTION f1 AS 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.udf.UDFUUID'")