diff --git a/mllib/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/mllib/evaluation/RegressionMetrics.scala b/mllib/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/mllib/evaluation/RegressionMetrics.scala index e577bf87f8..408847afa8 100644 --- a/mllib/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/mllib/evaluation/RegressionMetrics.scala +++ b/mllib/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/mllib/evaluation/RegressionMetrics.scala @@ -53,14 +53,22 @@ class RegressionMetrics(predictionAndObservations: RDD[(Double, Double)]) extend ) summary } + private lazy val SSerr = math.pow(summary.normL2(1), 2) + private lazy val SStot = summary.variance(0) * (summary.count - 1) + private lazy val SSreg = { + val yMean = summary.mean(0) + predictionAndObservations.map { + case (prediction, _) => math.pow(prediction - yMean, 2) + }.sum() + } /** - * Returns the explained variance regression score. - * explainedVariance = 1 - variance(y - \hat{y}) / variance(y) - * Reference: [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explained_variation]] + * Returns the variance explained by regression. + * explainedVariance = \sum_i (\hat{y_i} - \bar{y})^2 / n + * @see [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraction_of_variance_unexplained]] */ def explainedVariance: Double = { - 1 - summary.variance(1) / summary.variance(0) + SSreg / summary.count } /** @@ -76,8 +84,7 @@ class RegressionMetrics(predictionAndObservations: RDD[(Double, Double)]) extend * expected value of the squared error loss or quadratic loss. */ def meanSquaredError: Double = { - val rmse = summary.normL2(1) / math.sqrt(summary.count) - rmse * rmse + SSerr / summary.count } /** @@ -85,14 +92,14 @@ class RegressionMetrics(predictionAndObservations: RDD[(Double, Double)]) extend * the mean squared error. */ def rootMeanSquaredError: Double = { - summary.normL2(1) / math.sqrt(summary.count) + math.sqrt(this.meanSquaredError) } /** - * Returns R^2^, the coefficient of determination. - * Reference: [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coefficient_of_determination]] + * Returns R^2^, the unadjusted coefficient of determination. + * @see [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coefficient_of_determination]] */ def r2: Double = { - 1 - math.pow(summary.normL2(1), 2) / (summary.variance(0) * (summary.count - 1)) + 1 - SSerr / SStot } } diff --git a/mllib/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/mllib/evaluation/RegressionMetricsSuite.scala b/mllib/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/mllib/evaluation/RegressionMetricsSuite.scala index 9de2bdb6d7..4b7f1be58f 100644 --- a/mllib/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/mllib/evaluation/RegressionMetricsSuite.scala +++ b/mllib/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/mllib/evaluation/RegressionMetricsSuite.scala @@ -23,24 +23,85 @@ import org.apache.spark.mllib.util.TestingUtils._ class RegressionMetricsSuite extends SparkFunSuite with MLlibTestSparkContext { - test("regression metrics") { + test("regression metrics for unbiased (includes intercept term) predictor") { + /* Verify results in R: + preds = c(2.25, -0.25, 1.75, 7.75) + obs = c(3.0, -0.5, 2.0, 7.0) + + SStot = sum((obs - mean(obs))^2) + SSreg = sum((preds - mean(obs))^2) + SSerr = sum((obs - preds)^2) + + explainedVariance = SSreg / length(obs) + explainedVariance + > [1] 8.796875 + meanAbsoluteError = mean(abs(preds - obs)) + meanAbsoluteError + > [1] 0.5 + meanSquaredError = mean((preds - obs)^2) + meanSquaredError + > [1] 0.3125 + rmse = sqrt(meanSquaredError) + rmse + > [1] 0.559017 + r2 = 1 - SSerr / SStot + r2 + > [1] 0.9571734 + */ + val predictionAndObservations = sc.parallelize( + Seq((2.25, 3.0), (-0.25, -0.5), (1.75, 2.0), (7.75, 7.0)), 2) + val metrics = new RegressionMetrics(predictionAndObservations) + assert(metrics.explainedVariance ~== 8.79687 absTol 1E-5, + "explained variance regression score mismatch") + assert(metrics.meanAbsoluteError ~== 0.5 absTol 1E-5, "mean absolute error mismatch") + assert(metrics.meanSquaredError ~== 0.3125 absTol 1E-5, "mean squared error mismatch") + assert(metrics.rootMeanSquaredError ~== 0.55901 absTol 1E-5, + "root mean squared error mismatch") + assert(metrics.r2 ~== 0.95717 absTol 1E-5, "r2 score mismatch") + } + + test("regression metrics for biased (no intercept term) predictor") { + /* Verify results in R: + preds = c(2.5, 0.0, 2.0, 8.0) + obs = c(3.0, -0.5, 2.0, 7.0) + + SStot = sum((obs - mean(obs))^2) + SSreg = sum((preds - mean(obs))^2) + SSerr = sum((obs - preds)^2) + + explainedVariance = SSreg / length(obs) + explainedVariance + > [1] 8.859375 + meanAbsoluteError = mean(abs(preds - obs)) + meanAbsoluteError + > [1] 0.5 + meanSquaredError = mean((preds - obs)^2) + meanSquaredError + > [1] 0.375 + rmse = sqrt(meanSquaredError) + rmse + > [1] 0.6123724 + r2 = 1 - SSerr / SStot + r2 + > [1] 0.9486081 + */ val predictionAndObservations = sc.parallelize( Seq((2.5, 3.0), (0.0, -0.5), (2.0, 2.0), (8.0, 7.0)), 2) val metrics = new RegressionMetrics(predictionAndObservations) - assert(metrics.explainedVariance ~== 0.95717 absTol 1E-5, + assert(metrics.explainedVariance ~== 8.85937 absTol 1E-5, "explained variance regression score mismatch") assert(metrics.meanAbsoluteError ~== 0.5 absTol 1E-5, "mean absolute error mismatch") assert(metrics.meanSquaredError ~== 0.375 absTol 1E-5, "mean squared error mismatch") assert(metrics.rootMeanSquaredError ~== 0.61237 absTol 1E-5, "root mean squared error mismatch") - assert(metrics.r2 ~== 0.94861 absTol 1E-5, "r2 score mismatch") + assert(metrics.r2 ~== 0.94860 absTol 1E-5, "r2 score mismatch") } test("regression metrics with complete fitting") { val predictionAndObservations = sc.parallelize( Seq((3.0, 3.0), (0.0, 0.0), (2.0, 2.0), (8.0, 8.0)), 2) val metrics = new RegressionMetrics(predictionAndObservations) - assert(metrics.explainedVariance ~== 1.0 absTol 1E-5, + assert(metrics.explainedVariance ~== 8.6875 absTol 1E-5, "explained variance regression score mismatch") assert(metrics.meanAbsoluteError ~== 0.0 absTol 1E-5, "mean absolute error mismatch") assert(metrics.meanSquaredError ~== 0.0 absTol 1E-5, "mean squared error mismatch") diff --git a/python/pyspark/mllib/evaluation.py b/python/pyspark/mllib/evaluation.py index f21403707e..4398ca86f2 100644 --- a/python/pyspark/mllib/evaluation.py +++ b/python/pyspark/mllib/evaluation.py @@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ class RegressionMetrics(JavaModelWrapper): ... (2.5, 3.0), (0.0, -0.5), (2.0, 2.0), (8.0, 7.0)]) >>> metrics = RegressionMetrics(predictionAndObservations) >>> metrics.explainedVariance - 0.95... + 8.859... >>> metrics.meanAbsoluteError 0.5... >>> metrics.meanSquaredError