[SPARK-28623][SQL] Support dow, isodow and doy by extract()

## What changes were proposed in this pull request?

In the PR, I propose to use existing expressions `DayOfYear`, `WeekDay` and `DayOfWeek`, and support additional parameters of `extract()` for feature parity with PostgreSQL (https://www.postgresql.org/docs/11/functions-datetime.html#FUNCTIONS-DATETIME-EXTRACT):

1. `dow` - the day of the week as Sunday (0) to Saturday (6)
2. `isodow` - the day of the week as Monday (1) to Sunday (7)
3. `doy` - the day of the year (1 - 365/366)

Here are examples:
```sql
spark-sql> SELECT EXTRACT(DOW FROM TIMESTAMP '2001-02-16 20:38:40');
5
spark-sql> SELECT EXTRACT(ISODOW FROM TIMESTAMP '2001-02-18 20:38:40');
7
spark-sql> SELECT EXTRACT(DOY FROM TIMESTAMP '2001-02-16 20:38:40');
47
```

## How was this patch tested?

Updated `extract.sql`.

Closes #25367 from MaxGekk/extract-ext.

Authored-by: Maxim Gekk <max.gekk@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Dongjoon Hyun <dhyun@apple.com>

sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/parser/AstBuilder.scala

@@ -1408,6 +1408,12 @@ class AstBuilder(conf: SQLConf) extends SqlBaseBaseVisitor[AnyRef] with Logging
         DayOfMonth(expression(ctx.source))
       case "DAYOFWEEK" =>
         DayOfWeek(expression(ctx.source))
+      case "DOW" =>
+        Subtract(DayOfWeek(expression(ctx.source)), Literal(1))
+      case "ISODOW" =>
+        Add(WeekDay(expression(ctx.source)), Literal(1))
+      case "DOY" =>
+        DayOfYear(expression(ctx.source))
       case "HOUR" =>
         Hour(expression(ctx.source))
       case "MINUTE" =>

sql/core/src/test/resources/sql-tests/inputs/extract.sql

@@ -12,6 +12,12 @@ select extract(day from c) from t;
 
 select extract(dayofweek from c) from t;
 
+select extract(dow from c) from t;
+
+select extract(isodow from c) from t;
+
+select extract(doy from c) from t;
+
 select extract(hour from c) from t;
 
 select extract(minute from c) from t;

sql/core/src/test/resources/sql-tests/results/extract.sql.out

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 -- Automatically generated by SQLQueryTestSuite
--- Number of queries: 11
+-- Number of queries: 14
 
 
 -- !query 0
@@ -59,34 +59,58 @@ struct<dayofweek(CAST(c AS DATE)):int>
 
 
 -- !query 7
-select extract(hour from c) from t
+select extract(dow from c) from t
 -- !query 7 schema
-struct<hour(CAST(c AS TIMESTAMP)):int>
+struct<(dayofweek(CAST(c AS DATE)) - 1):int>
 -- !query 7 output
-7
+5
 
 
 -- !query 8
-select extract(minute from c) from t
+select extract(isodow from c) from t
 -- !query 8 schema
-struct<minute(CAST(c AS TIMESTAMP)):int>
+struct<(weekday(CAST(c AS DATE)) + 1):int>
 -- !query 8 output
-8
+5
 
 
 -- !query 9
-select extract(second from c) from t
+select extract(doy from c) from t
 -- !query 9 schema
-struct<second(CAST(c AS TIMESTAMP)):int>
+struct<dayofyear(CAST(c AS DATE)):int>
 -- !query 9 output
-9
+126
 
 
 -- !query 10
-select extract(not_supported from c) from t
+select extract(hour from c) from t
 -- !query 10 schema
-struct<>
+struct<hour(CAST(c AS TIMESTAMP)):int>
 -- !query 10 output
+7
+
+
+-- !query 11
+select extract(minute from c) from t
+-- !query 11 schema
+struct<minute(CAST(c AS TIMESTAMP)):int>
+-- !query 11 output
+8
+
+
+-- !query 12
+select extract(second from c) from t
+-- !query 12 schema
+struct<second(CAST(c AS TIMESTAMP)):int>
+-- !query 12 output
+9
+
+
+-- !query 13
+select extract(not_supported from c) from t
+-- !query 13 schema
+struct<>
+-- !query 13 output
 org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.parser.ParseException
 
 Literals of type 'NOT_SUPPORTED' are currently not supported.(line 1, pos 7)