[SPARK-36526][SQL] DSV2 Index Support: Add supportsIndex interface

### What changes were proposed in this pull request?
Indexes are database objects created on one or more columns of a table. Indexes are used to improve query performance. A detailed explanation of database index is here https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_index

 This PR adds `supportsIndex` interface that provides APIs to work with indexes.

### Why are the changes needed?
Many data sources support index to improvement query performance. In order to take advantage of the index support in data source, this `supportsIndex` interface is added to let user to create/drop an index, list indexes, etc.

### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?
yes, the following new APIs are added:

- createIndex
- dropIndex
- indexExists
- listIndexes

New SQL syntax:
```

CREATE [index_type] INDEX [index_name] ON [TABLE] table_name (column_index_property_list)[OPTIONS indexPropertyList]

    column_index_property_list: column_name [OPTIONS(indexPropertyList)]  [ ,  . . . ]
    indexPropertyList: index_property_name = index_property_value [ ,  . . . ]

DROP INDEX index_name

```
### How was this patch tested?
only interface is added for now. Tests will be added when doing the implementation

Closes #33754 from huaxingao/index_interface.

Authored-by: Huaxin Gao <huaxin_gao@apple.com>
Signed-off-by: Wenchen Fan <wenchen@databricks.com>

sql/catalyst/src/main/java/org/apache/spark/sql/connector/catalog/index/SupportsIndex.java

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.spark.sql.connector.catalog.index;
+
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Properties;
+
+import org.apache.spark.annotation.Evolving;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.analysis.IndexAlreadyExistsException;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.analysis.NoSuchIndexException;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.connector.catalog.Table;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.connector.expressions.NamedReference;
+
+/**
+ * Table methods for working with index
+ *
+ * @since 3.3.0
+ */
+@Evolving
+public interface SupportsIndex extends Table {
+
+  /**
+   * Creates an index.
+   *
+   * @param indexName the name of the index to be created
+   * @param indexType the IndexType of the index to be created
+   * @param columns the columns on which index to be created
+   * @param columnProperties the properties of the columns on which index to be created
+   * @param properties the properties of the index to be created
+   * @throws IndexAlreadyExistsException If the index already exists (optional)
+   */
+  void createIndex(String indexName,
+      String indexType,
+      NamedReference[] columns,
+      Map<NamedReference, Properties>[] columnProperties,
+      Properties properties)
+      throws IndexAlreadyExistsException;
+
+  /**
+   * Drops the index with the given name.
+   *
+   * @param indexName the name of the index to be dropped.
+   * @return true if the index is dropped
+   * @throws NoSuchIndexException If the index does not exist (optional)
+   */
+  boolean dropIndex(String indexName) throws NoSuchIndexException;
+
+  /**
+   * Checks whether an index exists in this table.
+   *
+   * @param indexName the name of the index
+   * @return true if the index exists, false otherwise
+   */
+  boolean indexExists(String indexName);
+
+  /**
+   * Lists all the indexes in this table.
+   */
+  TableIndex[] listIndexes();
+}

sql/catalyst/src/main/java/org/apache/spark/sql/connector/catalog/index/TableIndex.java

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.spark.sql.connector.catalog.index;
+
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Properties;
+
+import org.apache.spark.annotation.Evolving;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.connector.expressions.NamedReference;
+
+/**
+ * Index in a table
+ *
+ * @since 3.3.0
+ */
+@Evolving
+public final class TableIndex {
+  private String indexName;
+  private String indexType;
+  private NamedReference[] columns;
+  private Map<NamedReference, Properties> columnProperties = Collections.emptyMap();
+  private Properties properties;
+
+  public TableIndex(
+      String indexName,
+      String indexType,
+      NamedReference[] columns,
+      Map<NamedReference, Properties> columnProperties,
+      Properties properties) {
+    this.indexName = indexName;
+    this.indexType = indexType;
+    this.columns = columns;
+    this.columnProperties = columnProperties;
+    this.properties = properties;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return the Index name.
+   */
+  String indexName() { return indexName; }
+
+  /**
+   * @return the indexType of this Index.
+   */
+  String indexType() { return indexType; }
+
+  /**
+   * @return the column(s) this Index is on. Could be multi columns (a multi-column index).
+   */
+  NamedReference[] columns() { return columns; }
+
+  /**
+   * @return the map of column and column property map.
+   */
+  Map<NamedReference, Properties> columnProperties() { return columnProperties; }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the index properties.
+   */
+  Properties properties() {
+    return properties;
+  }
+}

sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/analysis/AlreadyExistException.scala

@@ -78,3 +78,6 @@ class PartitionsAlreadyExistException(message: String) extends AnalysisException
 
 class FunctionAlreadyExistsException(db: String, func: String)
   extends AnalysisException(s"Function '$func' already exists in database '$db'")
+
+class IndexAlreadyExistsException(indexName: String, table: Identifier)
+  extends AnalysisException(s"Index '$indexName' already exists in table ${table.quoted}")

sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/analysis/NoSuchItemException.scala

@@ -107,3 +107,6 @@ case class NoSuchPartitionsException(override val message: String)
 
 case class NoSuchTempFunctionException(func: String)
   extends AnalysisException(s"Temporary function '$func' not found")
+
+class NoSuchIndexException(indexName: String)
+  extends AnalysisException(s"Index '$indexName' not found")