### What changes were proposed in this pull request?
This PR proposes migration of `pyspark.ml` to NumPy documentation style.
### Why are the changes needed?
To improve documentation style.
### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?
Yes, this changes both rendered HTML docs and console representation (SPARK-33243).
### How was this patch tested?
`dev/lint-python` and manual inspection.
Closes#30285 from zero323/SPARK-33251.
Authored-by: zero323 <mszymkiewicz@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: HyukjinKwon <gurwls223@apache.org>
### What changes were proposed in this pull request?
This PR aims to drop Python 2.7, 3.4 and 3.5.
Roughly speaking, it removes all the widely known Python 2 compatibility workarounds such as `sys.version` comparison, `__future__`. Also, it removes the Python 2 dedicated codes such as `ArrayConstructor` in Spark.
### Why are the changes needed?
1. Unsupport EOL Python versions
2. Reduce maintenance overhead and remove a bit of legacy codes and hacks for Python 2.
3. PyPy2 has a critical bug that causes a flaky test, SPARK-28358 given my testing and investigation.
4. Users can use Python type hints with Pandas UDFs without thinking about Python version
5. Users can leverage one latest cloudpickle, https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/28950. With Python 3.8+ it can also leverage C pickle.
### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?
Yes, users cannot use Python 2.7, 3.4 and 3.5 in the upcoming Spark version.
### How was this patch tested?
Manually tested and also tested in Jenkins.
Closes#28957 from HyukjinKwon/SPARK-32138.
Authored-by: HyukjinKwon <gurwls223@apache.org>
Signed-off-by: HyukjinKwon <gurwls223@apache.org>
## What changes were proposed in this pull request?
I remove the deprecate `ImageSchema.readImages`.
Move some useful methods from class `ImageSchema` into class `ImageFileFormat`.
In pyspark, I rename `ImageSchema` class to be `ImageUtils`, and keep some useful python methods in it.
## How was this patch tested?
UT.
Please review https://spark.apache.org/contributing.html before opening a pull request.
Closes#25245 from WeichenXu123/remove_image_schema.
Authored-by: WeichenXu <weichen.xu@databricks.com>
Signed-off-by: HyukjinKwon <gurwls223@apache.org>
## What changes were proposed in this pull request?
Due to [API change](https://github.com/numpy/numpy/pull/4257/files#diff-c39521d89f7e61d6c0c445d93b62f7dc) at 1.9, PySpark image doesn't work with numpy version prior to 1.9.
When running image test with numpy version prior to 1.9, we can see error:
```
test_read_images (pyspark.ml.tests.test_image.ImageReaderTest) ... ERROR
test_read_images_multiple_times (pyspark.ml.tests.test_image.ImageReaderTest2) ... ok
======================================================================
ERROR: test_read_images (pyspark.ml.tests.test_image.ImageReaderTest)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/viirya/docker_tmp/repos/spark-1/python/pyspark/ml/tests/test_image.py", line 36, in test_read_images
self.assertEqual(ImageSchema.toImage(array, origin=first_row[0]), first_row)
File "/Users/viirya/docker_tmp/repos/spark-1/python/pyspark/ml/image.py", line 193, in toImage
data = bytearray(array.astype(dtype=np.uint8).ravel().tobytes())
AttributeError: 'numpy.ndarray' object has no attribute 'tobytes'
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 2 tests in 29.040s
FAILED (errors=1)
```
## How was this patch tested?
Manually test with numpy version prior and after 1.9.
Closes#23484 from viirya/fix-pyspark-image.
Authored-by: Liang-Chi Hsieh <viirya@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Hyukjin Kwon <gurwls223@apache.org>
## What changes were proposed in this pull request?
Deprecate public APIs from ImageSchema.
## How was this patch tested?
N/A
Closes#22349 from WeichenXu123/image_api_deprecate.
Authored-by: WeichenXu <weichen.xu@databricks.com>
Signed-off-by: Xiangrui Meng <meng@databricks.com>
## What changes were proposed in this pull request?
Implement an image schema datasource.
This image datasource support:
- partition discovery (loading partitioned images)
- dropImageFailures (the same behavior with `ImageSchema.readImage`)
- path wildcard matching (the same behavior with `ImageSchema.readImage`)
- loading recursively from directory (different from `ImageSchema.readImage`, but use such path: `/path/to/dir/**`)
This datasource **NOT** support:
- specify `numPartitions` (it will be determined by datasource automatically)
- sampling (you can use `df.sample` later but the sampling operator won't be pushdown to datasource)
## How was this patch tested?
Unit tests.
## Benchmark
I benchmark and compare the cost time between old `ImageSchema.read` API and my image datasource.
**cluster**: 4 nodes, each with 64GB memory, 8 cores CPU
**test dataset**: Flickr8k_Dataset (about 8091 images)
**time cost**:
- My image datasource time (automatically generate 258 partitions): 38.04s
- `ImageSchema.read` time (set 16 partitions): 68.4s
- `ImageSchema.read` time (set 258 partitions): 90.6s
**time cost when increase image number by double (clone Flickr8k_Dataset and loads double number images)**:
- My image datasource time (automatically generate 515 partitions): 95.4s
- `ImageSchema.read` (set 32 partitions): 109s
- `ImageSchema.read` (set 515 partitions): 105s
So we can see that my image datasource implementation (this PR) bring some performance improvement compared against old`ImageSchema.read` API.
Closes#22328 from WeichenXu123/image_datasource.
Authored-by: WeichenXu <weichen.xu@databricks.com>
Signed-off-by: Xiangrui Meng <meng@databricks.com>
## What changes were proposed in this pull request?
This PR attaches submodules to ml's `__init__.py` module.
Also, adds `ImageSchema` into `image.py` explicitly.
## How was this patch tested?
Before:
```python
>>> from pyspark import ml
>>> ml.image
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'image'
>>> ml.image.ImageSchema
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'image'
```
```python
>>> "image" in globals()
False
>>> from pyspark.ml import *
>>> "image" in globals()
False
>>> image
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name 'image' is not defined
```
After:
```python
>>> from pyspark import ml
>>> ml.image
<module 'pyspark.ml.image' from '/.../spark/python/pyspark/ml/image.pyc'>
>>> ml.image.ImageSchema
<pyspark.ml.image._ImageSchema object at 0x10d973b10>
```
```python
>>> "image" in globals()
False
>>> from pyspark.ml import *
>>> "image" in globals()
True
>>> image
<module 'pyspark.ml.image' from #'/.../spark/python/pyspark/ml/image.pyc'>
```
Author: hyukjinkwon <gurwls223@apache.org>
Closes#21483 from HyukjinKwon/SPARK-24454.
The exit() builtin is only for interactive use. applications should use sys.exit().
## What changes were proposed in this pull request?
All usage of the builtin `exit()` function is replaced by `sys.exit()`.
## How was this patch tested?
I ran `python/run-tests`.
Please review http://spark.apache.org/contributing.html before opening a pull request.
Author: Benjamin Peterson <benjamin@python.org>
Closes#20682 from benjaminp/sys-exit.
## What changes were proposed in this pull request?
This PR proposes to add `columnSchema` in Python side too.
```python
>>> from pyspark.ml.image import ImageSchema
>>> ImageSchema.columnSchema.simpleString()
'struct<origin:string,height:int,width:int,nChannels:int,mode:int,data:binary>'
```
## How was this patch tested?
Manually tested and unittest was added in `python/pyspark/ml/tests.py`.
Author: hyukjinkwon <gurwls223@gmail.com>
Closes#20475 from HyukjinKwon/SPARK-23256.
## What changes were proposed in this pull request?
This PR proposes to actually run the doctests in `ml/image.py`.
## How was this patch tested?
doctests in `python/pyspark/ml/image.py`.
Author: hyukjinkwon <gurwls223@gmail.com>
Closes#20294 from HyukjinKwon/trigger-image.
## What changes were proposed in this pull request?
Calling `ImageSchema.readImages` multiple times as below in PySpark shell:
```python
from pyspark.ml.image import ImageSchema
data_path = 'data/mllib/images/kittens'
_ = ImageSchema.readImages(data_path, recursive=True, dropImageFailures=True).collect()
_ = ImageSchema.readImages(data_path, recursive=True, dropImageFailures=True).collect()
```
throws an error as below:
```
...
org.datanucleus.exceptions.NucleusDataStoreException: Unable to open a test connection to the given database. JDBC url = jdbc:derby:;databaseName=metastore_db;create=true, username = APP. Terminating connection pool (set lazyInit to true if you expect to start your database after your app). Original Exception: ------
java.sql.SQLException: Failed to start database 'metastore_db' with class loader org.apache.spark.sql.hive.client.IsolatedClientLoader$$anon$1742f639f, see the next exception for details.
...
at org.apache.derby.jdbc.AutoloadedDriver.connect(Unknown Source)
...
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStore.newRetryingHMSHandler(HiveMetaStore.java:5762)
...
at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.client.HiveClientImpl.newState(HiveClientImpl.scala:180)
...
at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveExternalCatalog$$anonfun$databaseExists$1.apply$mcZ$sp(HiveExternalCatalog.scala:195)
at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveExternalCatalog$$anonfun$databaseExists$1.apply(HiveExternalCatalog.scala:195)
at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveExternalCatalog$$anonfun$databaseExists$1.apply(HiveExternalCatalog.scala:195)
at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveExternalCatalog.withClient(HiveExternalCatalog.scala:97)
at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveExternalCatalog.databaseExists(HiveExternalCatalog.scala:194)
at org.apache.spark.sql.internal.SharedState.externalCatalog$lzycompute(SharedState.scala:100)
at org.apache.spark.sql.internal.SharedState.externalCatalog(SharedState.scala:88)
at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveSessionStateBuilder.externalCatalog(HiveSessionStateBuilder.scala:39)
at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveSessionStateBuilder.catalog$lzycompute(HiveSessionStateBuilder.scala:54)
at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveSessionStateBuilder.catalog(HiveSessionStateBuilder.scala:52)
at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveSessionStateBuilder$$anon$1.<init>(HiveSessionStateBuilder.scala:69)
at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveSessionStateBuilder.analyzer(HiveSessionStateBuilder.scala:69)
at org.apache.spark.sql.internal.BaseSessionStateBuilder$$anonfun$build$2.apply(BaseSessionStateBuilder.scala:293)
at org.apache.spark.sql.internal.BaseSessionStateBuilder$$anonfun$build$2.apply(BaseSessionStateBuilder.scala:293)
at org.apache.spark.sql.internal.SessionState.analyzer$lzycompute(SessionState.scala:79)
at org.apache.spark.sql.internal.SessionState.analyzer(SessionState.scala:79)
at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.QueryExecution.analyzed$lzycompute(QueryExecution.scala:70)
at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.QueryExecution.analyzed(QueryExecution.scala:68)
at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.QueryExecution.assertAnalyzed(QueryExecution.scala:51)
at org.apache.spark.sql.Dataset$.ofRows(Dataset.scala:70)
at org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession.internalCreateDataFrame(SparkSession.scala:574)
at org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession.createDataFrame(SparkSession.scala:593)
at org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession.createDataFrame(SparkSession.scala:348)
at org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession.createDataFrame(SparkSession.scala:348)
at org.apache.spark.ml.image.ImageSchema$$anonfun$readImages$2$$anonfun$apply$1.apply(ImageSchema.scala:253)
...
Caused by: ERROR XJ040: Failed to start database 'metastore_db' with class loader org.apache.spark.sql.hive.client.IsolatedClientLoader$$anon$1742f639f, see the next exception for details.
at org.apache.derby.iapi.error.StandardException.newException(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.derby.impl.jdbc.SQLExceptionFactory.wrapArgsForTransportAcrossDRDA(Unknown Source)
... 121 more
Caused by: ERROR XSDB6: Another instance of Derby may have already booted the database /.../spark/metastore_db.
...
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "/.../spark/python/pyspark/ml/image.py", line 190, in readImages
dropImageFailures, float(sampleRatio), seed)
File "/.../spark/python/lib/py4j-0.10.6-src.zip/py4j/java_gateway.py", line 1160, in __call__
File "/.../spark/python/pyspark/sql/utils.py", line 69, in deco
raise AnalysisException(s.split(': ', 1)[1], stackTrace)
pyspark.sql.utils.AnalysisException: u'java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to instantiate org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.SessionHiveMetaStoreClient;'
```
Seems we better stick to `SparkSession.builder.getOrCreate()` like:
51620e288b/python/pyspark/sql/streaming.py (L329)dc5d34d8dc/python/pyspark/sql/column.py (L541)33d43bf1b6/python/pyspark/sql/readwriter.py (L105)
## How was this patch tested?
This was tested as below in PySpark shell:
```python
from pyspark.ml.image import ImageSchema
data_path = 'data/mllib/images/kittens'
_ = ImageSchema.readImages(data_path, recursive=True, dropImageFailures=True).collect()
_ = ImageSchema.readImages(data_path, recursive=True, dropImageFailures=True).collect()
```
Author: hyukjinkwon <gurwls223@gmail.com>
Closes#19845 from HyukjinKwon/SPARK-22651.
## What changes were proposed in this pull request?
Image test seems failed in Python 3.6.0 / NumPy 1.13.3. I manually tested as below:
```
======================================================================
ERROR: test_read_images (pyspark.ml.tests.ImageReaderTest)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/.../spark/python/pyspark/ml/tests.py", line 1831, in test_read_images
self.assertEqual(ImageSchema.toImage(array, origin=first_row[0]), first_row)
File "/.../spark/python/pyspark/ml/image.py", line 149, in toImage
data = bytearray(array.astype(dtype=np.uint8).ravel())
TypeError: only integer scalar arrays can be converted to a scalar index
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 7.606s
```
To be clear, I think the error seems from NumPy - 75b2d5d427/numpy/core/src/multiarray/number.c (L947)
For a smaller scope:
```python
>>> import numpy as np
>>> bytearray(np.array([1]).astype(dtype=np.uint8))
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: only integer scalar arrays can be converted to a scalar index
```
In Python 2.7 / NumPy 1.13.1, it prints:
```
bytearray(b'\x01')
```
So, here, I simply worked around it by converting it to bytes as below:
```python
>>> bytearray(np.array([1]).astype(dtype=np.uint8).tobytes())
bytearray(b'\x01')
```
Also, while looking into it again, I realised few arguments could be quite confusing, for example, `Row` that needs some specific attributes and `numpy.ndarray`. I added few type checking and added some tests accordingly. So, it shows an error message as below:
```
TypeError: array argument should be numpy.ndarray; however, it got [<class 'str'>].
```
## How was this patch tested?
Manually tested with `./python/run-tests`.
And also:
```
PYSPARK_PYTHON=python3 SPARK_TESTING=1 bin/pyspark pyspark.ml.tests ImageReaderTest
```
Author: hyukjinkwon <gurwls223@gmail.com>
Closes#19835 from HyukjinKwon/SPARK-21866-followup.
## What changes were proposed in this pull request?
Adding spark image reader, an implementation of schema for representing images in spark DataFrames
The code is taken from the spark package located here:
(https://github.com/Microsoft/spark-images)
Please see the JIRA for more information (https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-21866)
Please see mailing list for SPIP vote and approval information:
(http://apache-spark-developers-list.1001551.n3.nabble.com/VOTE-SPIP-SPARK-21866-Image-support-in-Apache-Spark-td22510.html)
# Background and motivation
As Apache Spark is being used more and more in the industry, some new use cases are emerging for different data formats beyond the traditional SQL types or the numerical types (vectors and matrices). Deep Learning applications commonly deal with image processing. A number of projects add some Deep Learning capabilities to Spark (see list below), but they struggle to communicate with each other or with MLlib pipelines because there is no standard way to represent an image in Spark DataFrames. We propose to federate efforts for representing images in Spark by defining a representation that caters to the most common needs of users and library developers.
This SPIP proposes a specification to represent images in Spark DataFrames and Datasets (based on existing industrial standards), and an interface for loading sources of images. It is not meant to be a full-fledged image processing library, but rather the core description that other libraries and users can rely on. Several packages already offer various processing facilities for transforming images or doing more complex operations, and each has various design tradeoffs that make them better as standalone solutions.
This project is a joint collaboration between Microsoft and Databricks, which have been testing this design in two open source packages: MMLSpark and Deep Learning Pipelines.
The proposed image format is an in-memory, decompressed representation that targets low-level applications. It is significantly more liberal in memory usage than compressed image representations such as JPEG, PNG, etc., but it allows easy communication with popular image processing libraries and has no decoding overhead.
## How was this patch tested?
Unit tests in scala ImageSchemaSuite, unit tests in python
Author: Ilya Matiach <ilmat@microsoft.com>
Author: hyukjinkwon <gurwls223@gmail.com>
Closes#19439 from imatiach-msft/ilmat/spark-images.
