## What changes were proposed in this pull request?
This PR adds built-in SQL function `BIT_LENGTH()`, `CHAR_LENGTH()`, and `OCTET_LENGTH()` functions.
`BIT_LENGTH()` returns the bit length of the given string or binary expression.
`CHAR_LENGTH()` returns the length of the given string or binary expression. (i.e. equal to `LENGTH()`)
`OCTET_LENGTH()` returns the byte length of the given string or binary expression.
## How was this patch tested?
Added new test suites for these three functions
Author: Kazuaki Ishizaki <ishizaki@jp.ibm.com>
Closes#18046 from kiszk/SPARK-20749.
## What changes were proposed in this pull request?
This pull-request exclusively includes the class splitting feature described in #16648. When code for a given class would grow beyond 1600k bytes, a private, nested sub-class is generated into which subsequent functions are inlined. Additional sub-classes are generated as the code threshold is met subsequent times. This code includes 3 changes:
1. Includes helper maps, lists, and functions for keeping track of sub-classes during code generation (included in the `CodeGenerator` class). These helper functions allow nested classes and split functions to be initialized/declared/inlined to the appropriate locations in the various projection classes.
2. Changes `addNewFunction` to return a string to support instances where a split function is inlined to a nested class and not the outer class (and so must be invoked using the class-qualified name). Uses of `addNewFunction` throughout the codebase are modified so that the returned name is properly used.
3. Removes instances of the `this` keyword when used on data inside generated classes. All state declared in the outer class is by default global and accessible to the nested classes. However, if a reference to global state in a nested class is prepended with the `this` keyword, it would attempt to reference state belonging to the nested class (which would not exist), rather than the correct variable belonging to the outer class.
## How was this patch tested?
Added a test case to the `GeneratedProjectionSuite` that increases the number of columns tested in various projections to a threshold that would previously have triggered a `JaninoRuntimeException` for the Constant Pool.
Note: This PR does not address the second Constant Pool issue with code generation (also mentioned in #16648): excess global mutable state. A second PR may be opened to resolve that issue.
Author: ALeksander Eskilson <alek.eskilson@cerner.com>
Closes#18075 from bdrillard/class_splitting_only.
### What changes were proposed in this pull request?
The current option name `wholeFile` is misleading for CSV users. Currently, it is not representing a record per file. Actually, one file could have multiple records. Thus, we should rename it. Now, the proposal is `multiLine`.
### How was this patch tested?
N/A
Author: Xiao Li <gatorsmile@gmail.com>
Closes#18202 from gatorsmile/renameCVSOption.
## What changes were proposed in this pull request?
It is really painful to not have configs in logical plan and expressions. We had to add all sorts of hacks (e.g. pass SQLConf explicitly in functions). This patch exposes SQLConf in logical plan, using a thread local variable and a getter closure that's set once there is an active SparkSession.
The implementation is a bit of a hack, since we didn't anticipate this need in the beginning (config was only exposed in physical plan). The implementation is described in `SQLConf.get`.
In terms of future work, we should follow up to clean up CBO (remove the need for passing in config).
## How was this patch tested?
Updated relevant tests for constraint propagation.
Author: Reynold Xin <rxin@databricks.com>
Closes#18299 from rxin/SPARK-21092.
## What changes were proposed in this pull request?
This patch moves constraint related code into a separate trait QueryPlanConstraints, so we don't litter QueryPlan with a lot of constraint private functions.
## How was this patch tested?
This is a simple move refactoring and should be covered by existing tests.
Author: Reynold Xin <rxin@databricks.com>
Closes#18298 from rxin/SPARK-21091.
### What changes were proposed in this pull request?
Since both table properties and storage properties share the same key values, table properties are not shown in the output of DESC EXTENDED/FORMATTED when the storage properties are not empty.
This PR is to fix the above issue by renaming them to different keys.
### How was this patch tested?
Added test cases.
Author: Xiao Li <gatorsmile@gmail.com>
Closes#18294 from gatorsmile/tableProperties.
## What changes were proposed in this pull request?
Since `stack` function generates a table with nullable columns, it should allow mixed null values.
```scala
scala> sql("select stack(3, 1, 2, 3)").printSchema
root
|-- col0: integer (nullable = true)
scala> sql("select stack(3, 1, 2, null)").printSchema
org.apache.spark.sql.AnalysisException: cannot resolve 'stack(3, 1, 2, NULL)' due to data type mismatch: Argument 1 (IntegerType) != Argument 3 (NullType); line 1 pos 7;
```
## How was this patch tested?
Pass the Jenkins with a new test case.
Author: Dongjoon Hyun <dongjoon@apache.org>
Closes#17251 from dongjoon-hyun/SPARK-19910.
## What changes were proposed in this pull request?
This patch fixes a bug that can cause NullPointerException in LikeSimplification, when the pattern for like is null.
## How was this patch tested?
Added a new unit test case in LikeSimplificationSuite.
Author: Reynold Xin <rxin@databricks.com>
Closes#18273 from rxin/SPARK-21059.
The PR contains a tiny change to fix the way Spark parses string literals into timestamps. Currently, some timestamps that contain nanoseconds are corrupted during the conversion from internal UTF8Strings into the internal representation of timestamps.
Consider the following example:
```
spark.sql("SELECT cast('2015-01-02 00:00:00.000000001' as TIMESTAMP)").show(false)
+------------------------------------------------+
|CAST(2015-01-02 00:00:00.000000001 AS TIMESTAMP)|
+------------------------------------------------+
|2015-01-02 00:00:00.000001 |
+------------------------------------------------+
```
The fix was tested with existing tests. Also, there is a new test to cover cases that did not work previously.
Author: aokolnychyi <anton.okolnychyi@sap.com>
Closes#18252 from aokolnychyi/spark-17914.
## What changes were proposed in this pull request?
add test case to MathExpressionsSuite as #17906
## How was this patch tested?
unit test cases
Author: liuxian <liu.xian3@zte.com.cn>
Closes#18082 from 10110346/wip-lx-0524.
## What changes were proposed in this pull request?
Add support for specific Java `List` subtypes in deserialization as well as a generic implicit encoder.
All `List` subtypes are supported by using either the size-specifying constructor (one `int` parameter) or the default constructor.
Interfaces/abstract classes use the following implementations:
* `java.util.List`, `java.util.AbstractList` or `java.util.AbstractSequentialList` => `java.util.ArrayList`
## How was this patch tested?
```bash
build/mvn -DskipTests clean package && dev/run-tests
```
Additionally in Spark shell:
```
scala> val jlist = new java.util.LinkedList[Int]; jlist.add(1)
jlist: java.util.LinkedList[Int] = [1]
res0: Boolean = true
scala> Seq(jlist).toDS().map(_.element()).collect()
res1: Array[Int] = Array(1)
```
Author: Michal Senkyr <mike.senkyr@gmail.com>
Closes#18009 from michalsenkyr/dataset-java-lists.
## What changes were proposed in this pull request?
Currently, hive's stats are read into `CatalogStatistics`, while spark's stats are also persisted through `CatalogStatistics`. As a result, hive's stats can be unexpectedly propagated into spark' stats.
For example, for a catalog table, we read stats from hive, e.g. "totalSize" and put it into `CatalogStatistics`. Then, by using "ALTER TABLE" command, we will store the stats in `CatalogStatistics` into metastore as spark's stats (because we don't know whether it's from spark or not). But spark's stats should be only generated by "ANALYZE" command. This is unexpected from this command.
Secondly, now that we have spark's stats in metastore, after inserting new data, although hive updated "totalSize" in metastore, we still cannot get the right `sizeInBytes` in `CatalogStatistics`, because we respect spark's stats (should not exist) over hive's stats.
A running example is shown in [JIRA](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-21031).
To fix this, we add a new method `alterTableStats` to store spark's stats, and let `alterTable` keep existing stats.
## How was this patch tested?
Added new tests.
Author: Zhenhua Wang <wzh_zju@163.com>
Closes#18248 from wzhfy/separateHiveStats.
## What changes were proposed in this pull request?
add more datatype for some unit tests
## How was this patch tested?
unit tests
Author: liuxian <liu.xian3@zte.com.cn>
Closes#17880 from 10110346/wip_lx_0506.
### What changes were proposed in this pull request?
The precision and scale of decimal values are wrong when the input is BigDecimal between -1.0 and 1.0.
The BigDecimal's precision is the digit count starts from the leftmost nonzero digit based on the [JAVA's BigDecimal definition](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/math/BigDecimal.html). However, our Decimal decision follows the database decimal standard, which is the total number of digits, including both to the left and the right of the decimal point. Thus, this PR is to fix the issue by doing the conversion.
Before this PR, the following queries failed:
```SQL
select 1 > 0.0001
select floor(0.0001)
select ceil(0.0001)
```
### How was this patch tested?
Added test cases.
Author: Xiao Li <gatorsmile@gmail.com>
Closes#18244 from gatorsmile/bigdecimal.
### What changes were proposed in this pull request?
Currently, the unquoted string of a function identifier is being used as the function identifier in the function registry. This could cause the incorrect the behavior when users use `.` in the function names. This PR is to take the `FunctionIdentifier` as the identifier in the function registry.
- Add one new function `createOrReplaceTempFunction` to `FunctionRegistry`
```Scala
final def createOrReplaceTempFunction(name: String, builder: FunctionBuilder): Unit
```
### How was this patch tested?
Add extra test cases to verify the inclusive bug fixes.
Author: Xiao Li <gatorsmile@gmail.com>
Author: gatorsmile <gatorsmile@gmail.com>
Closes#18142 from gatorsmile/fuctionRegistry.
### What changes were proposed in this pull request?
Before 2.2, we indicate the job was terminated because of `FAILFAST` mode.
```
Malformed line in FAILFAST mode: {"a":{, b:3}
```
If possible, we should keep it. This PR is to unify the error messages.
### How was this patch tested?
Modified the existing messages.
Author: Xiao Li <gatorsmile@gmail.com>
Closes#18196 from gatorsmile/messFailFast.
## What changes were proposed in this pull request?
Removed a duplicate case in "SPARK-20854: select hint syntax with expressions"
## How was this patch tested?
Existing tests.
Author: Bogdan Raducanu <bogdan@databricks.com>
Closes#18217 from bogdanrdc/SPARK-20854-2.
## What changes were proposed in this pull request?
`HintInfo.isBroadcastable` is actually not an accurate name, it's used to force the planner to broadcast a plan no matter what the data size is, via the hint mechanism. I think `forceBroadcast` is a better name.
And `isBroadcastable` only have 2 possible values: `Some(true)` and `None`, so we can just use boolean type for it.
## How was this patch tested?
existing tests.
Author: Wenchen Fan <wenchen@databricks.com>
Closes#18189 from cloud-fan/stats.
There could be test failures because DataStorageStrategy, HiveMetastoreCatalog and also HiveSchemaInferenceSuite were exposed to guava library by directly accessing SessionCatalog's tableRelationCacheg. These failures occur when guava shading is in place.
## What changes were proposed in this pull request?
This change removes those guava exposures by introducing new methods in SessionCatalog and also changing DataStorageStrategy, HiveMetastoreCatalog and HiveSchemaInferenceSuite so that they use those proxy methods.
## How was this patch tested?
Unit tests passed after applying these changes.
Author: Reza Safi <rezasafi@cloudera.com>
Closes#18148 from rezasafi/branch-2.2.
(cherry picked from commit 1388fdd707)
## What changes were proposed in this pull request?
The construction of BROADCAST_TIMEOUT conf should take the TimeUnit argument as a TimeoutConf.
Author: Feng Liu <fengliu@databricks.com>
Closes#18208 from liufengdb/fix_timeout.
## What changes were proposed in this pull request?
Fixes a typo: `and` -> `an`
## How was this patch tested?
Not at all.
Author: Wieland Hoffmann <mineo@users.noreply.github.com>
Closes#17759 from mineo/patch-1.
### What changes were proposed in this pull request?
1. The description of `spark.sql.files.ignoreCorruptFiles` is not accurate. When the file does not exist, we will issue the error message.
```
org.apache.spark.sql.AnalysisException: Path does not exist: file:/nonexist/path;
```
2. `spark.sql.columnNameOfCorruptRecord` also affects the CSV format. The current description only mentions JSON format.
### How was this patch tested?
N/A
Author: Xiao Li <gatorsmile@gmail.com>
Closes#18184 from gatorsmile/updateMessage.
## What changes were proposed in this pull request?
SQL hint syntax:
* support expressions such as strings, numbers, etc. instead of only identifiers as it is currently.
* support multiple hints, which was missing compared to the DataFrame syntax.
DataFrame API:
* support any parameters in DataFrame.hint instead of just strings
## How was this patch tested?
Existing tests. New tests in PlanParserSuite. New suite DataFrameHintSuite.
Author: Bogdan Raducanu <bogdan@databricks.com>
Closes#18086 from bogdanrdc/SPARK-20854.
### What changes were proposed in this pull request?
Before this PR, Subquery reuse does not work. Below are three issues:
- Subquery reuse does not work.
- It is sharing the same `SQLConf` (`spark.sql.exchange.reuse`) with the one for Exchange Reuse.
- No test case covers the rule Subquery reuse.
This PR is to fix the above three issues.
- Ignored the physical operator `SubqueryExec` when comparing two plans.
- Added a dedicated conf `spark.sql.subqueries.reuse` for controlling Subquery Reuse
- Added a test case for verifying the behavior
### How was this patch tested?
N/A
Author: Xiao Li <gatorsmile@gmail.com>
Closes#18169 from gatorsmile/subqueryReuse.
## What changes were proposed in this pull request?
Add build-int SQL function - UUID.
## How was this patch tested?
unit tests
Author: Yuming Wang <wgyumg@gmail.com>
Closes#18136 from wangyum/SPARK-20910.
## What changes were proposed in this pull request?
Minor changes to scaladoc
## How was this patch tested?
Local build
Author: Jacek Laskowski <jacek@japila.pl>
Closes#18074 from jaceklaskowski/scaladoc-fixes.
## What changes were proposed in this pull request?
Currently the `DataFrameWriter` operations have several problems:
1. non-file-format data source writing action doesn't show up in the SQL tab in Spark UI
2. file-format data source writing action shows a scan node in the SQL tab, without saying anything about writing. (streaming also have this issue, but not fixed in this PR)
3. Spark SQL CLI actions don't show up in the SQL tab.
This PR fixes all of them, by refactoring the `ExecuteCommandExec` to make it have children.
close https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/17540
## How was this patch tested?
existing tests.
Also test the UI manually. For a simple command: `Seq(1 -> "a").toDF("i", "j").write.parquet("/tmp/qwe")`
before this PR:
<img width="266" alt="qq20170523-035840 2x" src="https://cloud.githubusercontent.com/assets/3182036/26326050/24e18ba2-3f6c-11e7-8817-6dd275bf6ac5.png">
after this PR:
<img width="287" alt="qq20170523-035708 2x" src="https://cloud.githubusercontent.com/assets/3182036/26326054/2ad7f460-3f6c-11e7-8053-d68325beb28f.png">
Author: Wenchen Fan <wenchen@databricks.com>
Closes#18064 from cloud-fan/execution.
## What changes were proposed in this pull request?
A bunch of changes to the StateStore APIs and implementation.
Current state store API has a bunch of problems that causes too many transient objects causing memory pressure.
- `StateStore.get(): Option` forces creation of Some/None objects for every get. Changed this to return the row or null.
- `StateStore.iterator(): (UnsafeRow, UnsafeRow)` forces creation of new tuple for each record returned. Changed this to return a UnsafeRowTuple which can be reused across records.
- `StateStore.updates()` requires the implementation to keep track of updates, while this is used minimally (only by Append mode in streaming aggregations). Removed updates() and updated StateStoreSaveExec accordingly.
- `StateStore.filter(condition)` and `StateStore.remove(condition)` has been merge into a single API `getRange(start, end)` which allows a state store to do optimized range queries (i.e. avoid full scans). Stateful operators have been updated accordingly.
- Removed a lot of unnecessary row copies Each operator copied rows before calling StateStore.put() even if the implementation does not require it to be copied. It is left up to the implementation on whether to copy the row or not.
Additionally,
- Added a name to the StateStoreId so that each operator+partition can use multiple state stores (different names)
- Added a configuration that allows the user to specify which implementation to use.
- Added new metrics to understand the time taken to update keys, remove keys and commit all changes to the state store. These metrics will be visible on the plan diagram in the SQL tab of the UI.
- Refactored unit tests such that they can be reused to test any implementation of StateStore.
## How was this patch tested?
Old and new unit tests
Author: Tathagata Das <tathagata.das1565@gmail.com>
Closes#18107 from tdas/SPARK-20376.
### What changes were proposed in this pull request?
We are unable to call the function registered in the not-current database.
```Scala
sql("CREATE DATABASE dAtABaSe1")
sql(s"CREATE FUNCTION dAtABaSe1.test_avg AS '${classOf[GenericUDAFAverage].getName}'")
sql("SELECT dAtABaSe1.test_avg(1)")
```
The above code returns an error:
```
Undefined function: 'dAtABaSe1.test_avg'. This function is neither a registered temporary function nor a permanent function registered in the database 'default'.; line 1 pos 7
```
This PR is to fix the above issue.
### How was this patch tested?
Added test cases.
Author: Xiao Li <gatorsmile@gmail.com>
Closes#18146 from gatorsmile/qualifiedFunction.
## What changes were proposed in this pull request?
We changed the parser to reject unaliased subqueries in the FROM clause in SPARK-20690. However, the error message that we now give isn't very helpful:
scala> sql("""SELECT x FROM (SELECT 1 AS x)""")
org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.parser.ParseException:
mismatched input 'FROM' expecting {<EOF>, 'WHERE', 'GROUP', 'ORDER', 'HAVING', 'LIMIT', 'LATERAL', 'WINDOW', 'UNION', 'EXCEPT', 'MINUS', 'INTERSECT', 'SORT', 'CLUSTER', 'DISTRIBUTE'}(line 1, pos 9)
We should modify the parser to throw a more clear error for such queries:
scala> sql("""SELECT x FROM (SELECT 1 AS x)""")
org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.parser.ParseException:
The unaliased subqueries in the FROM clause are not supported.(line 1, pos 14)
## How was this patch tested?
Modified existing tests to reflect this change.
Author: Liang-Chi Hsieh <viirya@gmail.com>
Closes#18141 from viirya/SPARK-20916.
## What changes were proposed in this pull request?
Fix some indent issues.
## How was this patch tested?
existing tests.
Author: Yuming Wang <wgyumg@gmail.com>
Closes#18133 from wangyum/IndentIssues.
## What changes were proposed in this pull request?
Add build-int SQL function - DAYOFWEEK
## How was this patch tested?
unit tests
Author: Yuming Wang <wgyumg@gmail.com>
Closes#18134 from wangyum/SPARK-20909.
## What changes were proposed in this pull request?
This PR adds built-in SQL function `(REPLACE(<string_expression>, <search_string> [, <replacement_string>])`
`REPLACE()` return that string that is replaced all occurrences with given string.
## How was this patch tested?
added new test suites
Author: Kazuaki Ishizaki <ishizaki@jp.ibm.com>
Closes#18047 from kiszk/SPARK-20750.
## What changes were proposed in this pull request?
See class doc of `ConstantPropagation` for the approach used.
## How was this patch tested?
- Added unit tests
Author: Tejas Patil <tejasp@fb.com>
Closes#17993 from tejasapatil/SPARK-20758_const_propagation.
## What changes were proposed in this pull request?
This pr added parsing rules to support table column aliases in FROM clause.
## How was this patch tested?
Added tests in `PlanParserSuite`, `SQLQueryTestSuite`, and `PlanParserSuite`.
Author: Takeshi Yamamuro <yamamuro@apache.org>
Closes#18079 from maropu/SPARK-20841.
### What changes were proposed in this pull request?
In Cache manager, the plan matching should ignore Hint.
```Scala
val df1 = spark.range(10).join(broadcast(spark.range(10)))
df1.cache()
spark.range(10).join(spark.range(10)).explain()
```
The output plan of the above query shows that the second query is not using the cached data of the first query.
```
BroadcastNestedLoopJoin BuildRight, Inner
:- *Range (0, 10, step=1, splits=2)
+- BroadcastExchange IdentityBroadcastMode
+- *Range (0, 10, step=1, splits=2)
```
After the fix, the plan becomes
```
InMemoryTableScan [id#20L, id#23L]
+- InMemoryRelation [id#20L, id#23L], true, 10000, StorageLevel(disk, memory, deserialized, 1 replicas)
+- BroadcastNestedLoopJoin BuildRight, Inner
:- *Range (0, 10, step=1, splits=2)
+- BroadcastExchange IdentityBroadcastMode
+- *Range (0, 10, step=1, splits=2)
```
### How was this patch tested?
Added a test.
Author: Xiao Li <gatorsmile@gmail.com>
Closes#18131 from gatorsmile/HintCache.
## What changes were proposed in this pull request?
spark-sql>SELECT ceil(cast(12345.1233 as float));
spark-sql>12345
For this case, the result we expected is `12346`
spark-sql>SELECT floor(cast(-12345.1233 as float));
spark-sql>-12345
For this case, the result we expected is `-12346`
Because in `Ceil` or `Floor`, `inputTypes` has no FloatType, so it is converted to LongType.
## How was this patch tested?
After the modification:
spark-sql>SELECT ceil(cast(12345.1233 as float));
spark-sql>12346
spark-sql>SELECT floor(cast(-12345.1233 as float));
spark-sql>-12346
Author: liuxian <liu.xian3@zte.com.cn>
Closes#18103 from 10110346/wip-lx-0525-1.
## What changes were proposed in this pull request?
Add built-in SQL function `CH[A]R`:
For `CHR(bigint|double n)`, returns the ASCII character having the binary equivalent to `n`. If n is larger than 256 the result is equivalent to CHR(n % 256)
## How was this patch tested?
unit tests
Author: Yuming Wang <wgyumg@gmail.com>
Closes#18019 from wangyum/SPARK-20748.
Now that Structured Streaming has been out for several Spark release and has large production use cases, the `Experimental` label is no longer appropriate. I've left `InterfaceStability.Evolving` however, as I think we may make a few changes to the pluggable Source & Sink API in Spark 2.3.
Author: Michael Armbrust <michael@databricks.com>
Closes#18065 from marmbrus/streamingGA.
## What changes were proposed in this pull request?
It is reported that there is performance downgrade when applying ML pipeline for dataset with many columns but few rows.
A big part of the performance downgrade comes from some operations (e.g., `select`) on DataFrame/Dataset which re-create new DataFrame/Dataset with a new `LogicalPlan`. The cost can be ignored in the usage of SQL, normally.
However, it's not rare to chain dozens of pipeline stages in ML. When the query plan grows incrementally during running those stages, the total cost spent on re-creation of DataFrame grows too. In particular, the `Analyzer` will go through the big query plan even most part of it is analyzed.
By eliminating part of the cost, the time to run the example code locally is reduced from about 1min to about 30 secs.
In particular, the time applying the pipeline locally is mostly spent on calling transform of the 137 `Bucketizer`s. Before the change, each call of `Bucketizer`'s transform can cost about 0.4 sec. So the total time spent on all `Bucketizer`s' transform is about 50 secs. After the change, each call only costs about 0.1 sec.
<del>We also make `boundEnc` as lazy variable to reduce unnecessary running time.</del>
### Performance improvement
The codes and datasets provided by Barry Becker to re-produce this issue and benchmark can be found on the JIRA.
Before this patch: about 1 min
After this patch: about 20 secs
## How was this patch tested?
Existing tests.
Please review http://spark.apache.org/contributing.html before opening a pull request.
Author: Liang-Chi Hsieh <viirya@gmail.com>
Closes#17770 from viirya/SPARK-20392.
## What changes were proposed in this pull request?
1. add instructions of 'cast' function When using 'show functions' and 'desc function cast'
command in spark-sql
2. Modify the instructions of functions,such as
boolean,tinyint,smallint,int,bigint,float,double,decimal,date,timestamp,binary,string
## How was this patch tested?
Before modification:
spark-sql>desc function boolean;
Function: boolean
Class: org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions.Cast
Usage: boolean(expr AS type) - Casts the value `expr` to the target data type `type`.
After modification:
spark-sql> desc function boolean;
Function: boolean
Class: org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions.Cast
Usage: boolean(expr) - Casts the value `expr` to the target data type `boolean`.
spark-sql> desc function cast
Function: cast
Class: org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions.Cast
Usage: cast(expr AS type) - Casts the value `expr` to the target data type `type`.
Author: liuxian <liu.xian3@zte.com.cn>
Closes#17698 from 10110346/wip_lx_0418.