---
layout: global
title: Spark SQL Keywords
displayTitle: Spark SQL Keywords
license: |
  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 
     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 
  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  limitations under the License.
---

When `spark.sql.ansi.enabled` is true, Spark SQL will use the ANSI mode parser.
In this mode, Spark SQL has two kinds of keywords:
* Reserved keywords: Keywords that are reserved and can't be used as identifiers for table, view, column, function, alias, etc.
* Non-reserved keywords: Keywords that have a special meaning only in particular contexts and can be used as identifiers in other contexts. For example, `EXPLAIN SELECT ...` is a command, but EXPLAIN can be used as identifiers in other places.

When the ANSI mode is disabled, Spark SQL has two kinds of keywords:
* Non-reserved keywords: Same definition as the one when the ANSI mode enabled.
* Strict-non-reserved keywords: A strict version of non-reserved keywords, which can not be used as table alias.

By default `spark.sql.ansi.enabled` is false.

Below is a list of all the keywords in Spark SQL.

<table class="table">
  <tr><th rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle;"><b>Keyword</b></th><th colspan="2"><b>Spark SQL</b></th><th rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle;"><b>SQL-2011</b></th></tr>
  <tr><th><b>ANSI mode</b></th><th><b>default mode</b></th></tr>
  <tr><td>ADD</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>AFTER</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>ALL</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>ALTER</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>ANALYZE</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>AND</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>ANTI</td><td>reserved</td><td>strict-non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>ANY</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>ARCHIVE</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>ARRAY</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>AS</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>ASC</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>AT</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>AUTHORIZATION</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>BETWEEN</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>BOTH</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>BUCKET</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>BUCKETS</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>BY</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>CACHE</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>CASCADE</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>CASE</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>CAST</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>CHANGE</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>CHECK</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>CLEAR</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>CLUSTER</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>CLUSTERED</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>CODEGEN</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>COLLATE</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>COLLECTION</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>COLUMN</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>COLUMNS</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>COMMENT</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>COMMIT</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>COMPACT</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>COMPACTIONS</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>COMPUTE</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>CONCATENATE</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>CONSTRAINT</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>COST</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>CREATE</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>CROSS</td><td>reserved</td><td>strict-non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>CUBE</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>CURRENT</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>CURRENT_DATE</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>CURRENT_TIME</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>CURRENT_TIMESTAMP</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>CURRENT_USER</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>DATA</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>DATABASE</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>DATABASES</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>DAY</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>DBPROPERTIES</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>DEFINED</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>DELETE</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>DELIMITED</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>DESC</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>DESCRIBE</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>DFS</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>DIRECTORIES</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>DIRECTORY</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>DISTINCT</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>DISTRIBUTE</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>DIV</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>DROP</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>ELSE</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>END</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>ESCAPE</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>ESCAPED</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>EXCEPT</td><td>reserved</td><td>strict-non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>EXCHANGE</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>EXISTS</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>EXPLAIN</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>EXPORT</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>EXTENDED</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>EXTERNAL</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>EXTRACT</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>FALSE</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>FETCH</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>FIELDS</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>FILTER</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>FILEFORMAT</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>FIRST</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>FOLLOWING</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>FOR</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>FOREIGN</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>FORMAT</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>FORMATTED</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>FROM</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>FULL</td><td>reserved</td><td>strict-non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>FUNCTION</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>FUNCTIONS</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>GLOBAL</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>GRANT</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>GROUP</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>GROUPING</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>HAVING</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>HOUR</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>IF</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>IGNORE</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>IMPORT</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>IN</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>INDEX</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>INDEXES</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>INNER</td><td>reserved</td><td>strict-non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>INPATH</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>INPUTFORMAT</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>INSERT</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>INTERSECT</td><td>reserved</td><td>strict-non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>INTERVAL</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>INTO</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>IS</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>ITEMS</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>JOIN</td><td>reserved</td><td>strict-non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>KEYS</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>LAST</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>LATERAL</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>LAZY</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>LEADING</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>LEFT</td><td>reserved</td><td>strict-non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>LIKE</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>LIMIT</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>LINES</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>LIST</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>LOAD</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>LOCAL</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>LOCATION</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>LOCK</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>LOCKS</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>LOGICAL</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>MACRO</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>MAP</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>MATCHED</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>MERGE</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>MINUS</td><td>reserved</td><td>strict-non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>MINUTE</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>MONTH</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>MSCK</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>NAMESPACE</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>NAMESPACES</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>NATURAL</td><td>reserved</td><td>strict-non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>NO</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>NOT</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>NULL</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>NULLS</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>OF</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>ON</td><td>reserved</td><td>strict-non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>ONLY</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>OPTION</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>OPTIONS</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>OR</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>ORDER</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>OUT</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>OUTER</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>OUTPUTFORMAT</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>OVER</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>OVERLAPS</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>OVERLAY</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>OVERWRITE</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>PARTITION</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>PARTITIONED</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>PARTITIONS</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>PERCENT</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>PIVOT</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>PLACING</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>POSITION</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>PRECEDING</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>PRIMARY</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>PRINCIPALS</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>PROPERTIES</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>PURGE</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>QUERY</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>RANGE</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>RECORDREADER</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>RECORDWRITER</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>RECOVER</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>REDUCE</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>REFERENCES</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>REFRESH</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>RENAME</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>REPAIR</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>REPLACE</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>RESET</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>RESTRICT</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>REVOKE</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>RIGHT</td><td>reserved</td><td>strict-non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>RLIKE</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>ROLE</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>ROLES</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>ROLLBACK</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>ROLLUP</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>ROW</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>ROWS</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>SCHEMA</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>SECOND</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>SELECT</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>SEMI</td><td>reserved</td><td>strict-non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>SEPARATED</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>SERDE</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>SERDEPROPERTIES</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>SESSION_USER</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>SET</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>SETS</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>SHOW</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>SKEWED</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>SOME</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>SORT</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>SORTED</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>START</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>STATISTICS</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>STORED</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>STRATIFY</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>STRUCT</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>SUBSTR</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>SUBSTRING</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>TABLE</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>TABLES</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>TABLESAMPLE</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>TBLPROPERTIES</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>TEMPORARY</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>TERMINATED</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>THEN</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>TO</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>TOUCH</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>TRAILING</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>TRANSACTION</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>TRANSACTIONS</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>TRANSFORM</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>TRIM</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>TRUE</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>TRUNCATE</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>UNARCHIVE</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>UNBOUNDED</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>UNCACHE</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>UNION</td><td>reserved</td><td>strict-non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>UNIQUE</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>UNKNOWN</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>UNLOCK</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>UNSET</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>UPDATE</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>USE</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>USER</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>USING</td><td>reserved</td><td>strict-non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>VALUES</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>VIEW</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>WHEN</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>WHERE</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>WINDOW</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>WITH</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
  <tr><td>YEAR</td><td>reserved</td><td>non-reserved</td><td>reserved</td></tr>
</table>