## What changes were proposed in this pull request?
This PR supports schema in a DDL formatted string for `from_json` in R/Python and `dapply` and `gapply` in R, which are commonly used and/or consistent with Scala APIs.
Additionally, this PR exposes `structType` in R to allow working around in other possible corner cases.
**Python**
`from_json`
```python
from pyspark.sql.functions import from_json
data = [(1, '''{"a": 1}''')]
df = spark.createDataFrame(data, ("key", "value"))
df.select(from_json(df.value, "a INT").alias("json")).show()
```
**R**
`from_json`
```R
df <- sql("SELECT named_struct('name', 'Bob') as people")
df <- mutate(df, people_json = to_json(df$people))
head(select(df, from_json(df$people_json, "name STRING")))
```
`structType.character`
```R
structType("a STRING, b INT")
```
`dapply`
```R
dapply(createDataFrame(list(list(1.0)), "a"), function(x) {x}, "a DOUBLE")
```
`gapply`
```R
gapply(createDataFrame(list(list(1.0)), "a"), "a", function(key, x) { x }, "a DOUBLE")
```
## How was this patch tested?
Doc tests for `from_json` in Python and unit tests `test_sparkSQL.R` in R.
Author: hyukjinkwon <gurwls223@gmail.com>
Closes#18498 from HyukjinKwon/SPARK-21266.
2bfd5accdc