## What changes were proposed in this pull request?
This PR adds a new project ` external/kafka-0-10-sql` for Structured Streaming Kafka source.
It's based on the design doc: https://docs.google.com/document/d/19t2rWe51x7tq2e5AOfrsM9qb8_m7BRuv9fel9i0PqR8/edit?usp=sharing
tdas did most of work and part of them was inspired by koeninger's work.
### Introduction
The Kafka source is a structured streaming data source to poll data from Kafka. The schema of reading data is as follows:
Column | Type
---- | ----
key | binary
value | binary
topic | string
partition | int
offset | long
timestamp | long
timestampType | int
The source can deal with deleting topics. However, the user should make sure there is no Spark job processing the data when deleting a topic.
### Configuration
The user can use `DataStreamReader.option` to set the following configurations.
Kafka Source's options | value | default | meaning
------ | ------- | ------ | -----
startingOffset | ["earliest", "latest"] | "latest" | The start point when a query is started, either "earliest" which is from the earliest offset, or "latest" which is just from the latest offset. Note: This only applies when a new Streaming query is started, and that resuming will always pick up from where the query left off.
failOnDataLost | [true, false] | true | Whether to fail the query when it's possible that data is lost (e.g., topics are deleted, or offsets are out of range). This may be a false alarm. You can disable it when it doesn't work as you expected.
subscribe | A comma-separated list of topics | (none) | The topic list to subscribe. Only one of "subscribe" and "subscribeParttern" options can be specified for Kafka source.
subscribePattern | Java regex string | (none) | The pattern used to subscribe the topic. Only one of "subscribe" and "subscribeParttern" options can be specified for Kafka source.
kafka.consumer.poll.timeoutMs | long | 512 | The timeout in milliseconds to poll data from Kafka in executors
fetchOffset.numRetries | int | 3 | Number of times to retry before giving up fatch Kafka latest offsets.
fetchOffset.retryIntervalMs | long | 10 | milliseconds to wait before retrying to fetch Kafka offsets
Kafka's own configurations can be set via `DataStreamReader.option` with `kafka.` prefix, e.g, `stream.option("kafka.bootstrap.servers", "host:port")`
### Usage
* Subscribe to 1 topic
```Scala
spark
.readStream
.format("kafka")
.option("kafka.bootstrap.servers", "host:port")
.option("subscribe", "topic1")
.load()
```
* Subscribe to multiple topics
```Scala
spark
.readStream
.format("kafka")
.option("kafka.bootstrap.servers", "host:port")
.option("subscribe", "topic1,topic2")
.load()
```
* Subscribe to a pattern
```Scala
spark
.readStream
.format("kafka")
.option("kafka.bootstrap.servers", "host:port")
.option("subscribePattern", "topic.*")
.load()
```
## How was this patch tested?
The new unit tests.
Author: Shixiong Zhu <shixiong@databricks.com>
Author: Tathagata Das <tathagata.das1565@gmail.com>
Author: Shixiong Zhu <zsxwing@gmail.com>
Author: cody koeninger <cody@koeninger.org>
Closes#15102 from zsxwing/kafka-source.
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