### What changes were proposed in this pull request?
The current `MapOutputTracker` class may throw `NegativeArraySizeException` with a large number of partitions. Within the serializeOutputStatuses() method, it is trying to compress an array of mapStatuses and outputting the binary data into (Apache)ByteArrayOutputStream . Inside the (Apache)ByteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray(), negative index exception happens because the index is int and overflows (2GB limit) when the output binary size is too large.
This PR proposes two high-level ideas:
1. Use `org.apache.spark.util.io.ChunkedByteBufferOutputStream`, which has a way to output the underlying buffer as `Array[Array[Byte]]`.
2. Change the signatures from `Array[Byte]` to `Array[Array[Byte]]` in order to handle over 2GB compressed data.
### Why are the changes needed?
This issue seems to be missed out in the earlier effort of addressing 2GB limitations [SPARK-6235](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-6235)
Without this fix, `spark.default.parallelism` needs to be kept at the low number. The drawback of setting smaller spark.default.parallelism is that it requires more executor memory (more data per partition). Setting `spark.io.compression.zstd.level` to higher number (default 1) hardly helps.
That essentially means we have the data size limit that for shuffling and does not scale.
### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?
No.
### How was this patch tested?
Passed existing tests
```
build/sbt "core/testOnly org.apache.spark.MapOutputTrackerSuite"
```
Also added a new unit test
```
build/sbt "core/testOnly org.apache.spark.MapOutputTrackerSuite -- -z SPARK-32210"
```
Ran the benchmark using GitHub Actions and didn't not observe any performance penalties. The results are attached in this PR
```
core/benchmarks/MapStatusesSerDeserBenchmark-jdk11-results.txt
core/benchmarks/MapStatusesSerDeserBenchmark-results.txt
```
Closes#33721 from kazuyukitanimura/SPARK-32210.
Authored-by: Kazuyuki Tanimura <ktanimura@apple.com>
Signed-off-by: Dongjoon Hyun <dongjoon@apache.org>
(cherry picked from commit 8ee464cd7a)
Signed-off-by: Dongjoon Hyun <dongjoon@apache.org>
9149cad57d