### What changes were proposed in this pull request?
Implement `Index.map`.
The PR is based on https://github.com/databricks/koalas/pull/2136. Thanks awdavidson for the prototype.
`map` of CategoricalIndex and DatetimeIndex will be implemented in separate PRs.
### Why are the changes needed?
Mapping values using input correspondence (a dict, Series, or function) is supported in pandas as [Index.map](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/reference/api/pandas.Index.map.html).
We shall also support hat.
### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?
Yes. `Index.map` is available now.
```py
>>> psidx = ps.Index([1, 2, 3])
>>> psidx.map({1: "one", 2: "two", 3: "three"})
Index(['one', 'two', 'three'], dtype='object')
>>> psidx.map(lambda id: "{id} + 1".format(id=id))
Index(['1 + 1', '2 + 1', '3 + 1'], dtype='object')
>>> pser = pd.Series(["one", "two", "three"], index=[1, 2, 3])
>>> psidx.map(pser)
Index(['one', 'two', 'three'], dtype='object')
```
### How was this patch tested?
Unit tests.
Closes#33694 from xinrong-databricks/index_map.
Authored-by: Xinrong Meng <xinrong.meng@databricks.com>
Signed-off-by: Takuya UESHIN <ueshin@databricks.com>
(cherry picked from commit 4dcd746025)
Signed-off-by: Takuya UESHIN <ueshin@databricks.com>
cb14a32005