### What changes were proposed in this pull request? - Sets up links between related sections. - Add "Related sections" for each section. - Change to the left hand side menu to reflect the current status of the doc. - Other minor cleanups. ### Why are the changes needed? Currently Spark lacks documentation on the supported SQL constructs causing confusion among users who sometimes have to look at the code to understand the usage. This is aimed at addressing this issue. ### Does this PR introduce any user-facing change? Yes. ### How was this patch tested? Tested using jykyll build --serve Closes #27371 from dilipbiswal/select_finalization. Authored-by: Dilip Biswal <dkbiswal@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Sean Owen <srowen@gmail.com>
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layout | title | displayTitle | license |
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global | ORDER BY Clause | ORDER BY Clause | Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. |
The ORDER BY
clause is used to return the result rows in a sorted manner
in the user specified order. Unlike the SORT BY
clause, this clause guarantees a total order in the output.
Syntax
{% highlight sql %} ORDER BY { expression [ sort_direction | nulls_sort_oder ] [ , ... ] } {% endhighlight %}
Parameters
ORDER BY
-
Specifies a comma-separated list of expressions along with optional parameters
sort_direction
andnulls_sort_order
which are used to sort the rows. sort_direction
-
Optionally specifies whether to sort the rows in ascending or descending
order. The valid values for the sort direction are
ASC
for ascending andDESC
for descending. If sort direction is not explicitly specified, then by default rows are sorted ascending.
Syntax:[ ASC | DESC ]
nulls_sort_order
-
Optionally specifies whether NULL values are returned before/after non-NULL values, based on the
sort direction. In Spark, NULL values are considered to be lower than any non-NULL values by default.
Therefore the ordering of NULL values depend on the sort direction. If
null_sort_order
is not specified, then NULLs sort first if sort order isASC
and NULLS sort last if sort order isDESC
.
- If
NULLS FIRST
(the default) is specified, then NULL values are returned first regardless of the sort order. - If
NULLS LAST
is specified, then NULL values are returned last regardless of the sort order.
Syntax:[ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ]
- If
Examples
{% highlight sql %} CREATE TABLE person (id INT, name STRING, age INT); INSERT INTO person VALUES (100, 'John', 30), (200, 'Mary', NULL), (300, 'Mike', 80), (400, 'Jerry', NULL), (500, 'Dan', 50);
-- Sort rows by age. By default rows are sorted in ascending manner. SELECT name, age FROM person ORDER BY age;
+-----+----+ |name |age | +-----+----+ |Jerry|null| |Mary |null| |John |30 | |Dan |50 | |Mike |80 | +-----+----+
-- Sort rows in ascending manner keeping null values to be last. SELECT name, age FROM person ORDER BY age NULLS LAST;
+-----+----+ |name |age | +-----+----+ |John |30 | |Dan |50 | |Mike |80 | |Mary |null| |Jerry|null| +-----+----+
-- Sort rows by age in descending manner. SELECT name, age FROM person ORDER BY age DESC;
+-----+----+ |name |age | +-----+----+ |Mike |80 | |Dan |50 | |John |30 | |Jerry|null| |Mary |null| +-----+----+
-- Sort rows in ascending manner keeping null values to be first. SELECT name, age FROM person ORDER BY age DESC NULLS FIRST;
+-----+----+ |name |age | +-----+----+ |Jerry|null| |Mary |null| |Mike |80 | |Dan |50 | |John |30 | +-----+----+
-- Sort rows based on more than one column with each column having different -- sort direction. SELECT * FROM person ORDER BY name ASC, age DESC;
+---+-----+----+ |id |name |age | +---+-----+----+ |500|Dan |50 | |400|Jerry|null| |100|John |30 | |200|Mary |null| |300|Mike |80 | +---+-----+----+ {% endhighlight %}