Apache Spark - A unified analytics engine for large-scale data processing
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Xinrong Meng 6e4e04f2a1 [SPARK-35615][PYTHON] Make unary and comparison operators data-type-based
### What changes were proposed in this pull request?
Make unary and comparison operators data-type-based. Refactored operators include:
- Unary operators: `__neg__`, `__abs__`, `__invert__`,
- Comparison operators: `>`, `>=`, `<`, `<=`, `==`, `!=`

Non-goal: Tasks below are inspired during the development of this PR.
[[SPARK-35997] Implement comparison operators for CategoricalDtype in pandas API on Spark](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-35997)
[[SPARK-36000] Support creating a ps.Series/Index with `Decimal('NaN')` with Arrow disabled](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-36000)
[[SPARK-36001] Assume result's index to be disordered in tests with operations on different Series](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-36001)
[[SPARK-36002] Consolidate tests for data-type-based operations of decimal Series](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-36002)
[[SPARK-36003] Implement unary operator `invert` of numeric ps.Series/Index](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-36003)

### Why are the changes needed?

We have been refactoring basic operators to be data-type-based for readability, flexibility, and extensibility.
Unary and comparison operators are still not data-type-based yet. We should fill the gaps.

### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?

Yes.

- Better error messages. For example,

Before:
```py
>>> import pyspark.pandas as ps
>>> psser = ps.Series([b"2", b"3", b"4"])
>>> -psser
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
pyspark.sql.utils.AnalysisException: cannot resolve '(- `0`)' due to data type mismatch: ...
```
After:
```py
>>> import pyspark.pandas as ps
>>> psser = ps.Series([b"2", b"3", b"4"])
>>> -psser
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
TypeError: Unary - can not be applied to binaries.
>>>
```
- Support unary `-` of `bool` Series. For example,

Before:
```py
>>> psser = ps.Series([True, False, True])
>>> -psser
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
pyspark.sql.utils.AnalysisException: cannot resolve '(- `0`)' due to data type mismatch: ...
```

After:
```py
>>> psser = ps.Series([True, False, True])
>>> -psser
0    False
1     True
2    False
dtype: bool
```

### How was this patch tested?

Unit tests.

Closes #33162 from xinrong-databricks/datatypeops_refactor.

Authored-by: Xinrong Meng <xinrong.meng@databricks.com>
Signed-off-by: Takuya UESHIN <ueshin@databricks.com>
2021-07-07 13:46:50 -07:00
.github [SPARK-35684][INFRA][PYTHON] Bump up mypy version in GitHub Actions 2021-07-07 13:26:28 +09:00
.idea [SPARK-35223] Add IssueNavigationLink 2021-04-26 21:51:21 +08:00
assembly [SPARK-35996][BUILD] Setting version to 3.3.0-SNAPSHOT 2021-07-02 13:47:36 -07:00
bin [SPARK-34688][PYTHON] Upgrade to Py4J 0.10.9.2 2021-03-11 09:51:41 -06:00
binder [SPARK-35588][PYTHON][DOCS] Merge Binder integration and quickstart notebook for pandas API on Spark 2021-06-24 10:17:22 +09:00
build [SPARK-35825][INFRA][FOLLOWUP] Increase it in build/mvn script 2021-07-01 22:24:48 -07:00
common [SPARK-35996][BUILD] Setting version to 3.3.0-SNAPSHOT 2021-07-02 13:47:36 -07:00
conf [SPARK-35143][SQL][SHELL] Add default log level config for spark-sql 2021-04-23 14:26:19 +09:00
core [SPARK-35907][CORE] Instead of File#mkdirs, Files#createDirectories is expected 2021-07-07 09:16:13 -05:00
data [SPARK-22666][ML][SQL] Spark datasource for image format 2018-09-05 11:59:00 -07:00
dev [SPARK-36026][BUILD][K8S] Upgrade kubernetes-client to 5.5.0 2021-07-07 13:02:37 +09:00
docs [SPARK-35996][BUILD] Setting version to 3.3.0-SNAPSHOT 2021-07-02 13:47:36 -07:00
examples [SPARK-35996][BUILD] Setting version to 3.3.0-SNAPSHOT 2021-07-02 13:47:36 -07:00
external [SPARK-34302][SQL][FOLLOWUP] More code cleanup 2021-07-06 03:43:42 +08:00
graphx [SPARK-36009][GRAPHX] Add missing GraphX classes to registerKryoClasses util method 2021-07-06 07:25:22 -05:00
hadoop-cloud [SPARK-35996][BUILD] Setting version to 3.3.0-SNAPSHOT 2021-07-02 13:47:36 -07:00
launcher [SPARK-35996][BUILD] Setting version to 3.3.0-SNAPSHOT 2021-07-02 13:47:36 -07:00
licenses [SPARK-32435][PYTHON] Remove heapq3 port from Python 3 2020-07-27 20:10:13 +09:00
licenses-binary [SPARK-35150][ML] Accelerate fallback BLAS with dev.ludovic.netlib 2021-04-27 14:00:59 -05:00
mllib [SPARK-35996][BUILD] Setting version to 3.3.0-SNAPSHOT 2021-07-02 13:47:36 -07:00
mllib-local [SPARK-35996][BUILD] Setting version to 3.3.0-SNAPSHOT 2021-07-02 13:47:36 -07:00
project [SPARK-36004][INFRA] Update MiMa and audit API changes 2021-07-06 07:16:07 -05:00
python [SPARK-35615][PYTHON] Make unary and comparison operators data-type-based 2021-07-07 13:46:50 -07:00
R [SPARK-35996][BUILD] Setting version to 3.3.0-SNAPSHOT 2021-07-02 13:47:36 -07:00
repl [SPARK-35996][BUILD] Setting version to 3.3.0-SNAPSHOT 2021-07-02 13:47:36 -07:00
resource-managers [SPARK-35996][BUILD] Setting version to 3.3.0-SNAPSHOT 2021-07-02 13:47:36 -07:00
sbin [SPARK-34688][PYTHON] Upgrade to Py4J 0.10.9.2 2021-03-11 09:51:41 -06:00
sql [SPARK-36021][SQL] Parse interval literals should support more than 2 digits 2021-07-07 20:31:29 +03:00
streaming [SPARK-35996][BUILD] Setting version to 3.3.0-SNAPSHOT 2021-07-02 13:47:36 -07:00
tools [SPARK-35996][BUILD] Setting version to 3.3.0-SNAPSHOT 2021-07-02 13:47:36 -07:00
.asf.yaml [MINOR][INFRA] Update a broken link in .asf.yml 2021-01-16 13:42:27 -08:00
.gitattributes [SPARK-30653][INFRA][SQL] EOL character enforcement for java/scala/xml/py/R files 2020-01-27 10:20:51 -08:00
.gitignore [SPARK-35842][INFRA] Ignore all .idea folders 2021-06-21 22:07:02 +08:00
appveyor.yml [SPARK-33757][INFRA][R][FOLLOWUP] Provide more simple solution 2020-12-13 17:27:39 -08:00
CONTRIBUTING.md [MINOR][DOCS] Tighten up some key links to the project and download pages to use HTTPS 2019-05-21 10:56:42 -07:00
LICENSE [SPARK-32435][PYTHON] Remove heapq3 port from Python 3 2020-07-27 20:10:13 +09:00
LICENSE-binary [SPARK-35295][ML] Replace fully com.github.fommil.netlib by dev.ludovic.netlib:2.0 2021-05-12 08:59:36 -05:00
NOTICE [SPARK-29674][CORE] Update dropwizard metrics to 4.1.x for JDK 9+ 2019-11-03 15:13:06 -08:00
NOTICE-binary [SPARK-29674][CORE] Update dropwizard metrics to 4.1.x for JDK 9+ 2019-11-03 15:13:06 -08:00
pom.xml [SPARK-36026][BUILD][K8S] Upgrade kubernetes-client to 5.5.0 2021-07-07 13:02:37 +09:00
README.md [MINOR] Add GitHub Action build status badge to the README 2021-06-17 15:25:24 -07:00
scalastyle-config.xml [SPARK-35894][BUILD] Introduce new style enforce to not import scala.collection.Seq/IndexedSeq 2021-06-26 09:41:16 +09:00

Apache Spark

Spark is a unified analytics engine for large-scale data processing. It provides high-level APIs in Scala, Java, Python, and R, and an optimized engine that supports general computation graphs for data analysis. It also supports a rich set of higher-level tools including Spark SQL for SQL and DataFrames, MLlib for machine learning, GraphX for graph processing, and Structured Streaming for stream processing.

https://spark.apache.org/

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Online Documentation

You can find the latest Spark documentation, including a programming guide, on the project web page. This README file only contains basic setup instructions.

Building Spark

Spark is built using Apache Maven. To build Spark and its example programs, run:

./build/mvn -DskipTests clean package

(You do not need to do this if you downloaded a pre-built package.)

More detailed documentation is available from the project site, at "Building Spark".

For general development tips, including info on developing Spark using an IDE, see "Useful Developer Tools".

Interactive Scala Shell

The easiest way to start using Spark is through the Scala shell:

./bin/spark-shell

Try the following command, which should return 1,000,000,000:

scala> spark.range(1000 * 1000 * 1000).count()

Interactive Python Shell

Alternatively, if you prefer Python, you can use the Python shell:

./bin/pyspark

And run the following command, which should also return 1,000,000,000:

>>> spark.range(1000 * 1000 * 1000).count()

Example Programs

Spark also comes with several sample programs in the examples directory. To run one of them, use ./bin/run-example <class> [params]. For example:

./bin/run-example SparkPi

will run the Pi example locally.

You can set the MASTER environment variable when running examples to submit examples to a cluster. This can be a mesos:// or spark:// URL, "yarn" to run on YARN, and "local" to run locally with one thread, or "local[N]" to run locally with N threads. You can also use an abbreviated class name if the class is in the examples package. For instance:

MASTER=spark://host:7077 ./bin/run-example SparkPi

Many of the example programs print usage help if no params are given.

Running Tests

Testing first requires building Spark. Once Spark is built, tests can be run using:

./dev/run-tests

Please see the guidance on how to run tests for a module, or individual tests.

There is also a Kubernetes integration test, see resource-managers/kubernetes/integration-tests/README.md

A Note About Hadoop Versions

Spark uses the Hadoop core library to talk to HDFS and other Hadoop-supported storage systems. Because the protocols have changed in different versions of Hadoop, you must build Spark against the same version that your cluster runs.

Please refer to the build documentation at "Specifying the Hadoop Version and Enabling YARN" for detailed guidance on building for a particular distribution of Hadoop, including building for particular Hive and Hive Thriftserver distributions.

Configuration

Please refer to the Configuration Guide in the online documentation for an overview on how to configure Spark.

Contributing

Please review the Contribution to Spark guide for information on how to get started contributing to the project.