8de43338be
### What changes were proposed in this pull request? update sql-ref docs, the following key words will be added in this PR. CASE/ELSE WHEN/THEN MAP KEYS TERMINATED BY NULL DEFINED AS LINES TERMINATED BY ESCAPED BY COLLECTION ITEMS TERMINATED BY PIVOT LATERAL VIEW OUTER? ROW FORMAT SERDE ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY IGNORE NULLS FIRST LAST ### Why are the changes needed? let more users know the sql key words usage ### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?     ### How was this patch tested? No Closes #29056 from GuoPhilipse/add-missing-keywords. Lead-authored-by: GuoPhilipse <guofei_ok@126.com> Co-authored-by: GuoPhilipse <46367746+GuoPhilipse@users.noreply.github.com> Signed-off-by: Takeshi Yamamuro <yamamuro@apache.org>
131 lines
3.9 KiB
Markdown
131 lines
3.9 KiB
Markdown
---
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layout: global
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title: HAVING Clause
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displayTitle: HAVING Clause
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license: |
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Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
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contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
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this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
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The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
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(the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
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the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
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http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
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See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
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limitations under the License.
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---
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### Description
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The `HAVING` clause is used to filter the results produced by
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`GROUP BY` based on the specified condition. It is often used
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in conjunction with a [GROUP BY](sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-groupby.html)
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clause.
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### Syntax
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```sql
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HAVING boolean_expression
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```
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### Parameters
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* **boolean_expression**
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Specifies any expression that evaluates to a result type `boolean`. Two or
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more expressions may be combined together using the logical
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operators ( `AND`, `OR` ).
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**Note**
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The expressions specified in the `HAVING` clause can only refer to:
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1. Constants
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2. Expressions that appear in GROUP BY
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3. Aggregate functions
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### Examples
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```sql
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CREATE TABLE dealer (id INT, city STRING, car_model STRING, quantity INT);
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INSERT INTO dealer VALUES
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(100, 'Fremont', 'Honda Civic', 10),
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(100, 'Fremont', 'Honda Accord', 15),
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(100, 'Fremont', 'Honda CRV', 7),
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(200, 'Dublin', 'Honda Civic', 20),
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(200, 'Dublin', 'Honda Accord', 10),
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(200, 'Dublin', 'Honda CRV', 3),
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(300, 'San Jose', 'Honda Civic', 5),
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(300, 'San Jose', 'Honda Accord', 8);
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-- `HAVING` clause referring to column in `GROUP BY`.
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SELECT city, sum(quantity) AS sum FROM dealer GROUP BY city HAVING city = 'Fremont';
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+-------+---+
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| city|sum|
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+-------+---+
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|Fremont| 32|
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+-------+---+
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-- `HAVING` clause referring to aggregate function.
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SELECT city, sum(quantity) AS sum FROM dealer GROUP BY city HAVING sum(quantity) > 15;
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+-------+---+
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| city|sum|
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+-------+---+
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| Dublin| 33|
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|Fremont| 32|
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+-------+---+
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-- `HAVING` clause referring to aggregate function by its alias.
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SELECT city, sum(quantity) AS sum FROM dealer GROUP BY city HAVING sum > 15;
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+-------+---+
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| city|sum|
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+-------+---+
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| Dublin| 33|
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|Fremont| 32|
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+-------+---+
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-- `HAVING` clause referring to a different aggregate function than what is present in
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-- `SELECT` list.
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SELECT city, sum(quantity) AS sum FROM dealer GROUP BY city HAVING max(quantity) > 15;
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+------+---+
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| city|sum|
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+------+---+
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|Dublin| 33|
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+------+---+
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-- `HAVING` clause referring to constant expression.
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SELECT city, sum(quantity) AS sum FROM dealer GROUP BY city HAVING 1 > 0 ORDER BY city;
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+--------+---+
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| city|sum|
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+--------+---+
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| Dublin| 33|
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| Fremont| 32|
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|San Jose| 13|
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+--------+---+
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-- `HAVING` clause without a `GROUP BY` clause.
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SELECT sum(quantity) AS sum FROM dealer HAVING sum(quantity) > 10;
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+---+
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|sum|
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+---+
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| 78|
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+---+
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```
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### Related Statements
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* [SELECT Main](sql-ref-syntax-qry-select.html)
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* [WHERE Clause](sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-where.html)
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* [GROUP BY Clause](sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-groupby.html)
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* [ORDER BY Clause](sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-orderby.html)
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* [SORT BY Clause](sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-sortby.html)
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* [CLUSTER BY Clause](sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-clusterby.html)
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* [DISTRIBUTE BY Clause](sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-distribute-by.html)
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* [LIMIT Clause](sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-limit.html)
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* [CASE Clause](sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-case.html)
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* [PIVOT Clause](sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-pivot.html)
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* [LATERAL VIEW Clause](sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-lateral-view.html)
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