ed9d0aac90
## What changes were proposed in this pull request? Fix some broken links in the new document. I have clicked through all the links. Hopefully i haven't missed any :-) ## How was this patch tested? Built using jekyll and verified the links. Closes #22772 from dilipbiswal/doc_check. Authored-by: Dilip Biswal <dbiswal@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: gatorsmile <gatorsmile@gmail.com>
53 lines
3.3 KiB
Markdown
53 lines
3.3 KiB
Markdown
---
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layout: global
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displayTitle: Spark SQL, DataFrames and Datasets Guide
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title: Spark SQL and DataFrames
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---
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Spark SQL is a Spark module for structured data processing. Unlike the basic Spark RDD API, the interfaces provided
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by Spark SQL provide Spark with more information about the structure of both the data and the computation being performed. Internally,
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Spark SQL uses this extra information to perform extra optimizations. There are several ways to
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interact with Spark SQL including SQL and the Dataset API. When computing a result
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the same execution engine is used, independent of which API/language you are using to express the
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computation. This unification means that developers can easily switch back and forth between
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different APIs based on which provides the most natural way to express a given transformation.
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All of the examples on this page use sample data included in the Spark distribution and can be run in
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the `spark-shell`, `pyspark` shell, or `sparkR` shell.
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## SQL
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One use of Spark SQL is to execute SQL queries.
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Spark SQL can also be used to read data from an existing Hive installation. For more on how to
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configure this feature, please refer to the [Hive Tables](sql-data-sources-hive-tables.html) section. When running
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SQL from within another programming language the results will be returned as a [Dataset/DataFrame](#datasets-and-dataframes).
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You can also interact with the SQL interface using the [command-line](sql-distributed-sql-engine.html#running-the-spark-sql-cli)
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or over [JDBC/ODBC](sql-distributed-sql-engine.html#running-the-thrift-jdbcodbc-server).
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## Datasets and DataFrames
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A Dataset is a distributed collection of data.
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Dataset is a new interface added in Spark 1.6 that provides the benefits of RDDs (strong
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typing, ability to use powerful lambda functions) with the benefits of Spark SQL's optimized
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execution engine. A Dataset can be [constructed](sql-getting-started.html#creating-datasets) from JVM objects and then
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manipulated using functional transformations (`map`, `flatMap`, `filter`, etc.).
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The Dataset API is available in [Scala][scala-datasets] and
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[Java][java-datasets]. Python does not have the support for the Dataset API. But due to Python's dynamic nature,
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many of the benefits of the Dataset API are already available (i.e. you can access the field of a row by name naturally
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`row.columnName`). The case for R is similar.
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A DataFrame is a *Dataset* organized into named columns. It is conceptually
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equivalent to a table in a relational database or a data frame in R/Python, but with richer
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optimizations under the hood. DataFrames can be constructed from a wide array of [sources](sql-data-sources.html) such
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as: structured data files, tables in Hive, external databases, or existing RDDs.
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The DataFrame API is available in Scala,
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Java, [Python](api/python/pyspark.sql.html#pyspark.sql.DataFrame), and [R](api/R/index.html).
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In Scala and Java, a DataFrame is represented by a Dataset of `Row`s.
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In [the Scala API][scala-datasets], `DataFrame` is simply a type alias of `Dataset[Row]`.
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While, in [Java API][java-datasets], users need to use `Dataset<Row>` to represent a `DataFrame`.
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[scala-datasets]: api/scala/index.html#org.apache.spark.sql.Dataset
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[java-datasets]: api/java/index.html?org/apache/spark/sql/Dataset.html
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Throughout this document, we will often refer to Scala/Java Datasets of `Row`s as DataFrames.
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