179289f0bf
### What changes were proposed in this pull request? This PR intends to clean up the SQL documents in `doc/sql-ref*`. Main changes are as follows; - Fixes wrong syntaxes and capitalize sub-titles - Adds some DDL queries in `Examples` so that users can run examples there - Makes query output in `Examples` follows the `Dataset.showString` (right-aligned) format - Adds/Removes spaces, Indents, or blank lines to follow the format below; ``` --- license... --- ### Description Writes what's the syntax is. ### Syntax {% highlight sql %} SELECT... WHERE... // 4 indents after the second line ... {% endhighlight %} ### Parameters <dl> <dt><code><em>Param Name</em></code></dt> <dd> Param Description </dd> ... </dl> ### Examples {% highlight sql %} -- It is better that users are able to execute example queries here. -- So, we prepare test data in the first section if possible. CREATE TABLE t (key STRING, value DOUBLE); INSERT INTO t VALUES ('a', 1.0), ('a', 2.0), ('b', 3.0), ('c', 4.0); -- query output has 2 indents and it follows the `Dataset.showString` -- format (right-aligned). SELECT * FROM t; +---+-----+ |key|value| +---+-----+ | a| 1.0| | a| 2.0| | b| 3.0| | c| 4.0| +---+-----+ -- Query statements after the second line have 4 indents. SELECT key, SUM(value) FROM t GROUP BY key; +---+----------+ |key|sum(value)| +---+----------+ | c| 4.0| | b| 3.0| | a| 3.0| +---+----------+ ... {% endhighlight %} ### Related Statements * [XXX](xxx.html) * ... ``` ### Why are the changes needed? The most changes of this PR are pretty minor, but I think the consistent formats/rules to write documents are important for long-term maintenance in our community ### Does this PR introduce any user-facing change? Yes. ### How was this patch tested? Manually checked. Closes #28151 from maropu/MakeRightAligned. Authored-by: Takeshi Yamamuro <yamamuro@apache.org> Signed-off-by: Sean Owen <srowen@gmail.com>
220 lines
8.5 KiB
Markdown
220 lines
8.5 KiB
Markdown
---
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layout: global
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title: INSERT INTO
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displayTitle: INSERT INTO
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license: |
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Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
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contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
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this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
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The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
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(the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
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the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
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http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
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See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
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limitations under the License.
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---
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### Description
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The `INSERT INTO` statement inserts new rows into a table. The inserted rows can be specified by value expressions or result from a query.
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### Syntax
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{% highlight sql %}
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INSERT INTO [ TABLE ] table_identifier [ partition_spec ]
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{ { VALUES ( { value | NULL } [ , ... ] ) [ , ( ... ) ] } | query }
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{% endhighlight %}
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### Parameters
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<dl>
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<dt><code><em>table_identifier</em></code></dt>
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<dd>
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Specifies a table name, which may be optionally qualified with a database name.<br><br>
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<b>Syntax:</b>
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<code>
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[ database_name. ] table_name
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</code>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<dl>
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<dt><code><em>partition_spec</em></code></dt>
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<dd>
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An optional parameter that specifies a comma separated list of key and value pairs
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for partitions.<br><br>
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<b>Syntax:</b>
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<code>
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PARTITION (partition_col_name = partition_col_val [ , ... ])
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</code>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<dl>
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<dt><code><em>VALUES ( { value | NULL } [ , ... ] ) [ , ( ... ) ]</em></code></dt>
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<dd>Specifies the values to be inserted. Either an explicitly specified value or a NULL can be inserted. A comma must be used to separate each value in the clause. More than one set of values can be specified to insert multiple rows.</dd>
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</dl>
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<dl>
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<dt><code><em>query</em></code></dt>
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<dd>A query that produces the rows to be inserted. It can be in one of following formats:
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<ul>
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<li>a <code>SELECT</code> statement</li>
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<li>a <code>TABLE</code> statement</li>
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<li>a <code>FROM</code> statement</li>
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</ul>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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### Examples
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#### Single Row Insert Using a VALUES Clause
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{% highlight sql %}
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CREATE TABLE students (name VARCHAR(64), address VARCHAR(64), student_id INT)
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USING PARQUET PARTITIONED BY (student_id);
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INSERT INTO students VALUES
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('Amy Smith', '123 Park Ave, San Jose', 111111);
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SELECT * FROM students;
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+---------+---------------------+----------+
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| name| address|student_id|
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+---------+---------------------+----------+
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|Amy Smith|123 Park Ave,San Jose| 111111|
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+---------+---------------------+----------+
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{% endhighlight %}
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#### Multi-Row Insert Using a VALUES Clause
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{% highlight sql %}
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INSERT INTO students VALUES
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('Bob Brown', '456 Taylor St, Cupertino', 222222),
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('Cathy Johnson', '789 Race Ave, Palo Alto', 333333);
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SELECT * FROM students;
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+-------------+------------------------+----------+
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| name| address|student_id|
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+-------------+------------------------+----------+
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| Amy Smith| 123 Park Ave, San Jose| 111111|
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+-------------+------------------------+----------+
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| Bob Brown|456 Taylor St, Cupertino| 222222|
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+-------------+------------------------+----------+
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|Cathy Johnson| 789 Race Ave, Palo Alto| 333333|
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+--------------+-----------------------+----------+
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{% endhighlight %}
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#### Insert Using a SELECT Statement
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{% highlight sql %}
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-- Assuming the persons table has already been created and populated.
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SELECT * FROM persons;
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+-------------+-------------------------+---------+
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| name| address| ssn|
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+-------------+-------------------------+---------+
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|Dora Williams|134 Forest Ave, Melo Park|123456789|
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+-------------+-------------------------+---------+
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| Eddie Davis| 245 Market St, Milpitas|345678901|
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+-------------+-------------------------+---------+
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INSERT INTO students PARTITION (student_id = 444444)
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SELECT name, address FROM persons WHERE name = "Dora Williams";
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SELECT * FROM students;
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+-------------+-------------------------+----------+
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| name| address|student_id|
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+-------------+-------------------------+----------+
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| Amy Smith| 123 Park Ave, San Jose| 111111|
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+-------------+-------------------------+----------+
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| Bob Brown| 456 Taylor St, Cupertino| 222222|
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+-------------+-------------------------+----------+
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|Cathy Johnson| 789 Race Ave, Palo Alto| 333333|
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+-------------+-------------------------+----------+
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|Dora Williams|134 Forest Ave, Melo Park| 444444|
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+-------------+-------------------------+----------+
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{% endhighlight %}
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#### Insert Using a TABLE Statement
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{% highlight sql %}
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-- Assuming the visiting_students table has already been created and populated.
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SELECT * FROM visiting_students;
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+-------------+---------------------+----------+
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| name| address|student_id|
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+-------------+---------------------+----------+
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|Fleur Laurent|345 Copper St, London| 777777|
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+-------------+---------------------+----------+
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|Gordon Martin| 779 Lake Ave, Oxford| 888888|
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+-------------+---------------------+----------+
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INSERT INTO students TABLE visiting_students;
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SELECT * FROM students;
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+-------------+-------------------------+----------+
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| name| address|student_id|
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+-------------+-------------------------+----------+
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| Amy Smith| 123 Park Ave,San Jose| 111111|
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+-------------+-------------------------+----------+
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| Bob Brown| 456 Taylor St, Cupertino| 222222|
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+-------------+-------------------------+----------+
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|Cathy Johnson| 789 Race Ave, Palo Alto| 333333|
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+-------------+-------------------------+----------+
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|Dora Williams|134 Forest Ave, Melo Park| 444444|
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+-------------+-------------------------+----------+
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|Fleur Laurent| 345 Copper St, London| 777777|
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+-------------+-------------------------+----------+
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|Gordon Martin| 779 Lake Ave, Oxford| 888888|
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+-------------+-------------------------+----------+
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{% endhighlight %}
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#### Insert Using a FROM Statement
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{% highlight sql %}
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-- Assuming the applicants table has already been created and populated.
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SELECT * FROM applicants;
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+-----------+--------------------------+----------+---------+
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| name| address|student_id|qualified|
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+-----------+--------------------------+----------+---------+
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|Helen Davis| 469 Mission St, San Diego| 999999| true|
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+-----------+--------------------------+----------+---------+
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| Ivy King|367 Leigh Ave, Santa Clara| 101010| false|
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+-----------+--------------------------+----------+---------+
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| Jason Wang| 908 Bird St, Saratoga| 121212| true|
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+-----------+--------------------------+----------+---------+
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INSERT INTO students
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FROM applicants SELECT name, address, id applicants WHERE qualified = true;
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SELECT * FROM students;
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+-------------+-------------------------+----------+
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| name| address|student_id|
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+-------------+-------------------------+----------+
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| Amy Smith| 123 Park Ave, San Jose| 111111|
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+-------------+-------------------------+----------+
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| Bob Brown| 456 Taylor St, Cupertino| 222222|
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+-------------+-------------------------+----------+
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|Cathy Johnson| 789 Race Ave, Palo Alto| 333333|
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+-------------+-------------------------+----------+
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|Dora Williams|134 Forest Ave, Melo Park| 444444|
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+-------------+-------------------------+----------+
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|Fleur Laurent| 345 Copper St, London| 777777|
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+-------------+-------------------------+----------+
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|Gordon Martin| 779 Lake Ave, Oxford| 888888|
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+-------------+-------------------------+----------+
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| Helen Davis|469 Mission St, San Diego| 999999|
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+-------------+-------------------------+----------+
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| Jason Wang| 908 Bird St, Saratoga| 121212|
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+-------------+-------------------------+----------+
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{% endhighlight %}
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### Related Statements
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* [INSERT OVERWRITE statement](sql-ref-syntax-dml-insert-overwrite-table.html)
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* [INSERT OVERWRITE DIRECTORY statement](sql-ref-syntax-dml-insert-overwrite-directory.html)
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* [INSERT OVERWRITE DIRECTORY with Hive format statement](sql-ref-syntax-dml-insert-overwrite-directory-hive.html)
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